Download Principles of Ecology Chapter test

CHAPTER
13
PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY
Chapter Test A
CHAPTER 13
Principles of Ecology
Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)
1. A group of organisms of the same
5. Which organisms help convert gaseous
species that live in the same area is
called a(n)
nitrogen into ammonia in the nitrogen
cycle?
a. community.
c. biome.
a. bacteria
b. population.
d. ecosystem.
b. trees
c. squirrels
2.
d. grasses
CO2
photosynthesis
respiration
combustion
dead
organisms
CO2
decay
fossil fuels
FIG.13.1
What does the diagram in Figure 13.1
show?
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
a. the nitrogen cycle
b. the water cycle
c. the oxygen cycle
d. the carbon cycle
3. Herbivores are which of the following?
a. producers
b. secondary consumers
6. An ecologist counts weeds to monitor
their populations. Which of the
following best describes the ecologist’s
methods?
a. modeling
b. observation
c. experimentation
d. hypothesizing
7. Organisms that feed on dead or decaying
matter are called
a. herbivores.
b. carnivores.
c. omnivores.
d. detritivores.
8. What do all the biotic and abiotic factors
c. primary consumers
in a given area make up?
d. decomposers
a. a habitat
4. Which phrase best describes
biodiversity?
a. the number of individuals in an
b. a community
c. an ecosystem
d. a population
ecosystem
b. the amount of biomass in an
ecosystem
c. the amount of available energy in an
ecosystem
d. the number of species in an
ecosystem
Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
Chapter Test A
259
CHAPTER 13
Principles of Ecology
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
13. Almost all autotrophs get their energy
9.
from
a. sunlight.
b. hydrothermal pools.
c. decaying matter.
d. producers.
14. An organism that has an unusually large
effect on an ecosystem is called a(n)
FIG.13.2
Which of the following parts of Figure
13.2 is an example of a biotic factor?
a. sunlight
b. soil
a. keystone species.
b. omnivore.
c. biotic factor.
d. heterotroph.
15. A major regional or global community
c. deer
of organisms is called
d. river
a. an ecosystem.
10. Which process is part of the hydrologic
cycle?
a. nitrification
b. a biome.
c. a species.
d. a population.
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
b. evaporation
c. decomposition
d. ammonification
11. Which model shows the number of
organisms at each trophic level in an
ecosystem?
a. biomass pyramid
b. food web
c. pyramid of numbers
d. food chain
12. Which of the following provide most of
the energy in ecosystems?
a. keystone species
b. carnivores
c. generalists
d. producers
260
Chapter Test A
Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
CHAPTER 13
Principles of Ecology
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)
Food Web Diagram
wolf
deer
rabbit
hawk
squirrel
sparrow
caterpillar
rosebush
oak tree
snake
frog
grass
FIG. 13.3
16. How do food webs show the flow of energy?
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
17. List three heterotrophs shown in Figure 13.3.
18. Name one specialist shown in the diagram. How do you know it is a specialist?
19. What does the sequence rosebush → rabbit → hawk represent?
20. If caterpillars were removed from the food web, how would the snake population be
affected?
Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
Chapter Test A
261
CHAPTER 13
Principles of Ecology
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
Use the diagram below to answer items 21–25. (5 credits)
1 unit of energy
10 units of energy
A
B
100 units of energy
C
1000 units of energy
D
21. What type of pyramid diagram is shown in Figure 13.4?
22. What is the term for the trophic level labeled B in the diagram?
23. Which trophic level shown in the diagram has the most available energy?
24. How does this type of diagram differ from a biomass pyramid?
25. Why is a pyramid or triangle, like the one shown, often used to represent energy
distribution in an ecosystem?
262
Chapter Test A
Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
FIG. 13.4