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Foundations of Nursing 8th Edition Cooper Test Bank
Chapter 18: Fluids and Electrolytes
Cooper: Foundations of Nursing, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What percentage of an adult’s body weight consists of water?
a. 10% to 20%
b. 30% to 40%
c. 50% to 60%
d. 70% to 80%
ANS: C
The percentage of water declines to 50% to 60% in adults.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 483
OBJ: 1
TOP: Fluids
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
2. When administering intravenous (IV) fluids, the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing
as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult. When could dehydration become lethal?
a. If the patient loses 5% of body fluid
b. If the patient loses 10% of body fluid
c. If the patient loses 15% of body fluid
d. If the patient loses 20% of body fluid
ANS: D
A loss of 20% of body fluid in
N anRadult
I isG fatal.
B.C
U S N T
OM
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 483
OBJ: 1
TOP: Fluids
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
3. The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments
are combined. What do they combine to form?
a. Intercellular compartment
b. Circulating compartment
c. Vertical compartment
d. Extracellular compartment
ANS: D
The fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined to form the
extracellular compartment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
TOP: Fluid compartments
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
REF: 483
OBJ: 1
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
4. The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid
lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis. What is the
recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?
a. 1000 mL
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Foundations of Nursing 8th Edition Cooper Test Bank
b. 1500 mL
c. 2050 mL
d. 2500 mL
ANS: D
Daily fluid intake and output is about 2200 to 2700 mL/day, and urinary output is about 1000
to 2000 mL/day.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 489
TOP: Fluids
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
OBJ: 1
5. The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency. In order
for the kidneys to remove waste, what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys
must produce to remove waste?
a. 10 mL
b. 20 mL
c. 30 mL
d. 40 mL
ANS: C
The kidneys must excrete a minimum of 30 mL/h to eliminate waste products.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 485
TOP: Fluids
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
OBJ: 6
6. The nurse weighs a patient at the same time of day with the same scale and same clothing.
N R I G B.C M
U Smethod
N Tof determining?
O
What is this a simple and accurate
a. An accurate weight
b. Water balance
c. Adequate nutrition
d. Urinary output
ANS: B
A simple and accurate method of determining water balance is to weigh the patient under the
same conditions each day.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
REF: 485
TOP: Fluids
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
OBJ: 8
7. When a patient takes substances into the body, they first enter the extracellular compartment.
What must the substances enter to carry out their function?
a. Horizontal compartment
b. Intracellular compartment
c. Compartmental
d. Vertical compartment
ANS: B
To carry out their function, substances must enter the cell.
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Foundations of Nursing 8th Edition Cooper Test Bank
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
REF: 483-484
TOP: Fluids
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
OBJ: 2
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
8. What is the method by which inhaled oxygen is moved into the intravascular compartment
called?
a. Active transport
b. Oxygenation
c. Passive transport
d. Mass movement
ANS: C
Passive transport occurs when the patient inhales oxygen into the lungs, with the oxygen
passing by diffusion into the intravascular compartment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
TOP: Transport process
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
REF: 485-486
OBJ: 4
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention
9. The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the
interstitial space into the intravascular space. What is this process called?
a. Diffusion
b. Filtration
c. Osmosis
d. Homeostasis
ANS: C
Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher
concentration.
N R I G B.C M
U S N T
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
TOP: Transport process
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
O
REF: 486
OBJ: 2
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention
10. What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration require?
a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Osmotic pressure
c. Blood pressure
d. Pulse pressure
ANS: A
Electrolytes are moved by hydrostatic pressure, which is a form of active transport.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
TOP: Transport process
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
REF: 487
OBJ: 4
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
11. Electrolytes are not measured by weight; their chemical activity is expressed in
milliequivalents. What does 1 mEq of potassium have the same combining power as?
a. 1 mEq of nitrogen
b. 1 mEq of oxygen
c. 1 mEq of hydrogen
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Foundations of Nursing 8th Edition Cooper Test Bank
d. 1 mEq of magnesium
ANS: C
Electrolytes are measured in milliequivalents: 1 mEq of any electrolyte is equal to 1 mEq of
hydrogen.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 487
OBJ: 5
TOP: Electrolytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
12. Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body. The location of electrolytes is important
for maintaining homeostasis. Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?
a. Intracellular
b. Intravascular
c. Extracellular
d. Interstitial
ANS: C
Sodium is the major extracellular electrolyte.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 487
TOP: Electrolytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
OBJ: 5
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
13. The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes.
What level will this help to increase?
a. Potassium
b. Chloride
c. Magnesium
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d. Phosphorus
ANS: D
Phosphorus should be increased during pregnancy and lactation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 493
OBJ: 5
TOP: Electrolytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
14. A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient. The nurse is aware that this condition is a
result of retained fluid. What is the patient considered to be?
a. Hyponatremic
b. Hypokalemic
c. Hypernatremic
d. Hypercalcemic
ANS: C
Hypernatremia is a greater-than-normal concentration of sodium, which leads to retained
fluids and edema.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
REF: 488
TOP: Electrolytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
OBJ: 5
15. What is the nurse closely assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?
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Foundations of Nursing 8th Edition Cooper Test Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
Systemic edema
Cardiac complications
Muscle cramping
Impaired kidney function
ANS: B
Hypokalemia can affect cardiac function.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: 489
TOP: Electrolytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
OBJ: 5
16. The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after assessing a calcium level of
6.2 mEq/L. What nursing assessment should the nurse include when modifying this care plan?
a. Osteoporosis
b. Tooth loss
c. Renal calculi
d. Contractures
ANS: C
Hypercalcemia occurs when calcium levels exceed 5.8 mEq/L. It may occur when calcium
stored in the bone enters the circulation, for example, in patients who are immobilized. Renal
calculi may develop because of high levels of calcium.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: 492-493
TOP: Electrolytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
OBJ: 5
N R I G B.C M
U concentration
S N T inObody fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic
17. Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion
acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. What is this ratio?
a. 1:5
b. 1:10
c. 1:15
d. 1:20
ANS: D
The ratio needed for homeostasis is 1 part carbonic acid to 20 parts bicarbonate.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 494
TOP: Electrolytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
OBJ: 3
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
18. When reading the laboratory report of a patient with excessive diarrhea, the nurse notes that
the pH is 7.10, and the PaCO2 and the PaO2 are normal. What should the nurse recognize as
this patient’s state from this information alone?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory alkalosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
ANS: B
The profile of a patient in metabolic acidosis is that the blood pH will be below 7.35 and the
oxygen readings are within normal limits.
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Foundations of Nursing 8th Edition Cooper Test Bank
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
REF: 498
TOP: Electrolytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
OBJ: 7
19. What should the nurse expect when assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis?
a. Slow respirations
b. Muscle weakness
c. Strong, even heart rate
d. Flushed face
ANS: B
Tetany and muscle weakness, tachypnea, and cardiac arrhythmias are symptomatic of
respiratory alkalosis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: 497
TOP: Electrolytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
OBJ: 7
20. Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal.
What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?
a. Blood buffers, kidneys, and lungs
b. Kidneys, lungs, and blood buffers
c. Blood buffers, lungs, and kidneys
d. Lungs, kidneys, and blood buffers
ANS: C
The three systems are blood buffers, lungs, and kidneys. The blood buffers’ speed is a fraction
NURSI
NGthe
TB.C
OMtake hours to days.
of a second, the lungs take minutes,
and
kidneys
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
TOP: Acid-base balance
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
REF: 495
OBJ: 6
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
21. A patient admitted in a state of extreme anxiety has vital signs of T 98.6°F (37°C), P 81, BP
130/86, R 32. What will result if this hyperventilation continues?
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis
ANS: D
Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation as the lungs blow off large amounts of
CO2.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
TOP: Acid-base balance
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
REF: 497
OBJ: 7
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
22. A patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours. What is the result of this
loss of stomach contents?
a. Metabolic acidosis
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Foundations of Nursing 8th Edition Cooper Test Bank
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis
ANS: B
The most common cause of metabolic alkalosis is vomiting gastric contents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
TOP: Acid-base balance
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
REF: 498
OBJ: 7
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
23. What should the nurse focus on when creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic
acidosis?
a. Frequent periods of ambulation
b. Increasing fluid intake
c. Decreasing fluid intake
d. Deep-breathing exercises
ANS: D
Deep breathing will cause the patient to blow off CO2 and assist in increasing the pH and
reduce the acidity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
TOP: Acid-base balance
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
REF: 495 | 496
OBJ: 8
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
24. The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium. What
food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?
N R I G B.COM
a. Apples and green beans U S N T
b. Kiwis and onions
c. Apricots and asparagus
d. Grapes and lima beans
ANS: C
Apricots and asparagus are potassium-rich.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
TOP: Nursing process
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
REF: 489
OBJ: 8
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. What are the three types of passive transport? (Select all that apply.)
a. Diffusion
b. Titration
c. Osmosis
d. Distillation
e. Filtration
ANS: A, C, E
The three types of passive transport are diffusion, osmosis, and filtration.
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Foundations of Nursing 8th Edition Cooper Test Bank
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 485
OBJ: 4
TOP: Passive transport
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. What are the three buffer systems of the body? (Select all that apply.)
a. Bicarbonate/carbonic acid system
b. Respiratory system
c. Renal system
d. GI system
e. Integumentary system
ANS: A, B, C
The bicarbonate/carbonic acid system, the respiratory system, and the renal system are the
buffer systems of the body.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 495
OBJ: 6
TOP: Buffer systems
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
COMPLETION
1. The nurse expects an adult with normal ______________ function to void a minimum of 120
mL of urine in 4 hours.
ANS:
kidney
NU
SINGInT4B.C
OMthe urine output is expected to be 120 mL.
The norm is to excrete at least
30RmL/h.
hours,
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
TOP: Kidney output
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
REF: 496
OBJ: 8
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
2. A child has been having an asthma attack for the last 8 hours. Because of the child’s inability
to exhale effectively, the nurse assesses for respiratory __________.
ANS:
acidosis
Retained CO2 will lead to respiratory acidosis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
TOP: Respiratory acidosis
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
REF: 496-497
OBJ: 7
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
3. The nurse explains that a normal adult will lose approximately 350 mL of water through
respiration in the course of a(n) ________.
ANS:
day
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Foundations of Nursing 8th Edition Cooper Test Bank
Adults lose about 350 mL of water daily through respiration.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 484
OBJ: 8
TOP: Insensible loss
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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