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1 1. Computer Literacy Name: Topic: Basic Arduino A. What is Arduino? Arduino is a microcontroller, also referred to as MCU (Microcontroller Unit). Arduino can be used to develop an interactive environment with various sensors, using switches (switches) or input switches (sensors), various Lights, Motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino programs can run independently or in combination with other Software running (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP). Digital Input (DI) means that the sensor detects the external voltage signal and changes and then converts it into the corresponding digital signal input. Digital Output (DO) means that the sensor receives a digital signal and generates a corresponding signal output, thereby triggering other external devices to issue warnings or other related applications. The Pin, 5V, 3.3V, and GND pins are Arduino power pins. 2 B. Why do we use Arduino? Advantages Reason Low Price Arduino’s motherboards are relatively inexpensive compared to other MCU platforms. You can buy the finished product. The price will not be higher than HKD $200. (compared to Raspberry Pi and MintDuino) Cross-Platform Arduino software runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX and Linux operating systems. Most teaching MCU systems is limited to Windows. Simple, clear programming The Arduino programming environment is easy for beginners to get started with, but also provides enough for advanced users ‘sufficient flexibility. It is convenient for teachers to process the programming environment on the basis, allowing students to easy to get familiar with the look and feel of the Arduino. Open source and extensible software/ hardware The language can be expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to understand the technical details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which it's based. Even relatively inexperienced users can build the breadboard version of the module to understand how it works and save money. 3 C. Introduction of electronic components Breadboard Terminal Strips A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it. These holes let you easily insert electronic components to prototype (meaning to build and test an early version of) an electronic circuit, like this one with a battery, switch, resistor, and an LED.) It has terminal strips in each row. The horizontal holes are linked together, but not across the middle divider. Button A button is a physical switch that controls a device's function. It helps to complete or disconnect a. circuit by clicking it Resistors 4 Resistors are often represented by R in circuits, and their characteristics are electronic components that prevent the passage of current. The larger the resistance value, the more resistance to electricity. The greater the resistance, the unit of resistance value is expressed as (Ω). In use, it will be represented by kΩ (102Ω) or MΩ (106Ω) resistance value.) LED (light-emitting diode) A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it. Remember that positive side is the longer side and negative side is the shorter side. Variable Resistors Variable resistor is an electronic component with three terminals, and the resistance value at both ends of its periphery is a fixed value. They are often represented by VR. The middle point is used to change the length of the carbon film or metal wire by means of rotation or sliding, to change the resistance value of the outer two points and the middle contact. Its resistance value (the resistance value at both ends of the periphery) can be adjusted arbitrarily within a certain range. The purpose of the variable resistor is: It is used for the user to control the functions of volume, sound quality, voltage, power, etc. in the electronic device. Connecting Wires Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to another because. electricity needs a medium through which it can move. Most of the connecting wires are made up of copper or aluminum. 5 D. Status of Connection An open circuit implies that the two terminals are points are externally disconnected, which is equivalent to a resistance R = ∞ . This means that zero current can flow between the two terminals. A closed circuit implies that current can flow between the two terminals. Every component can function well because current can flow between the two terminals A short circuit implies that the two terminals are externally connected with resistance R = 0, the same as an ideal wire. This means there is zero voltage difference for any current value. (Note that real wires have non-zero resistance!) Be careful**** It will cause electric fire due to excessive current flowing. E. Relationship between Voltage, Current and Resistance Voltage - act as pushing character Current – energy running through the circuit Resistance – Block/Hamper the Current flow 6 F. Tinkercad: Circuit (Demo) Case 1: LED Blinking Please draw the electrical diagram of the following circuit. (Assume the Arduino board is the power supply) 7 Create account with google Click “join now” Click student account Sign in with Google After that, click ‘circuit’ ‘Build new circuits’ Try to connect the circuit as the picture shown. Hint: 1x Arduino board 1x Breadboard 1x LED 1x Resistor 8 Function Setup() Loop() DigitalWrite() PinMode (Value, INPUT/OUTPUT) Delay() Description Initializing variables, pin modes. The setup function will only run once Loops consecutively, allowing your program to change and respond. Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin. Configures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output Pauses the program for time (in milliseconds) specified as parameter. (1 second = 1000 milliseconds) Meaning of the code 1. Set Pin 13 as Output 2. Current is allowed to flow in Pin 13. (HIGH) 3. Wait 1 second. 4. Current is not allowed to flow in Pin 13. (LOW) 5. Wait 1 second. 2. Current is allowed to flow in Pin 13. (HIGH) 3. Wait 1 second. 4. Current is not allowed to flow in Pin 13. (LOW) 5. Wait 1 second. 2. Current is allowed to flow in Pin 13. (HIGH) 3. Wait 1 second. 4. Current is not allowed to flow in Pin 13. (LOW) 5. Wait 1 second. … HW: How to change into two LEDs blinking? Hint: LED(a) on , LED (b) off LED(a) off, LED (b) on