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18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Natural selection and other processes have led to a staggering diversity of organisms. Biologists have identified and named about 9 million species so far. They estimate that 2–100 million additional species have yet to be discovered. Slide 2 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Why Classify? Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner. Slide 3 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Why Classify? In the discipline of taxonomy, scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name. Slide 4 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Assigning Scientific Names Assigning Scientific Names Common names of organisms vary, so scientists assign one name for each species. Always in Latin. Genus species Homo sapiens Slide 5 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Assigning Scientific Names Carolus Linneaus developed a naming system called binomial nomenclature. In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. The scientific name is italicized. Canis familiaris Felis catus Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 6 of 26 End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus’s System of Classification Linnaeus's System of Classification Linnaeus not only named species, he also grouped them into categories. What is Linneaus’s system of classification? Slide 7 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification Linnaeus's seven levels of classification are—from smallest to largest— • species • genus • family • order • class • phylum • kingdom Slide 8 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification Each level is called a taxon, or taxonomic category. Species and genus are the two smallest categories. Grizzly bear Black bear Slide 9 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification Genera that share many characteristics are grouped in a larger category, the family. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Slide 10 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification An order is a broad category composed of similar families. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Slide 11 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classificat The next larger category, the class, is composed of similar orders. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Class Mammalia Slide 12 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Linnaeus's System of Classification 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Several different classes make up a phylum. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda PHYLUM Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Chordata Slide 13 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification The kingdom is the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia Slide 14 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Grizzly Black Giant bear bear panda Linnaeus's System of Classification Coral Sea Red Abert fox squirrel snake star Slide 15 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show