Download Lexicology Practical Tasks

Card 1.
I .a) Analyze the structure of the following compounds, comment on the degree
of motivation
Black-eyed; bloodthirsty; bluestocking; cease-fire; day-break; forget-me-not;
navy-blue; sky-scraper; good-for-nothing; white-wash; three-wheeler; showoff; V-Day
b) Sort out: endocentric and exocentric compounds.
Searchlight, grasshopper, windowpanes, fathead, bluebottle, jam-jar, milk tooth,
cutthroat, waterfall
Card 2.
Define the way of word-building
pre-election; laughing-stock; bang; wait-and-see (attitude); foots (footlights);
to radio; to bloodtransfuse; stardom; GP; a knock; nitty-gritty; pre-med (premedical school); fig.
Card 3.
Classify the phraseological units
to shatter one's hopes – multi-top;
to tear to pieces – two-tops, verbal-nominal;
at one's feet – one-top unit, prepositional collocation ;
to be a mine of information – multi-tops;
to have a soft spot for sb – multi-tops;
to give sth the nod – two tops unit, verbal-nominal;
by hook or by crook – two tops unit, phraseological repetition;
to show the white feather – multi-tops;
in the soup – one-top units, prepositional collocational;
beggars are not choosers – multi-top unit, communicative phraseological unit
Card 4.
Define the way of word-building
telly: well-wisher; hiss; make-up; No; hols; live-and-Iet-live (attitude); to
drug; vitaminize; disappointment; lip-read; oven-proof; moo; Chris; Xmas; elevate; a regular
Card 5.
Define the way of word-building
Pick-up (truck) - conversion;
Overacting - affixation;
Mumble - Affixation;
Hanky – shortening (Ellipsis);
a stick-in-the-mud;
Jan. – shortening;
to camel - conversion;
middle-aged - composition;
Swellegant - Blend of swell + elegant ;
Vac – shortening (Ellipsis);
sleep-walking - composition,
crime-ridden - composition;
pants (pantaloons) - shortening
Card 6.
Pick out borrowed words and state their origin.
Waltz, daughter, courage, machine, psychology, soufflé, goose, umbrella,
udarnik, skirt, xenophobia, major, violin, echo
Card 7.
Carry out the morphemic & word-building analyses of the following words
Unpardonable; disapproval;check-ups; do-it-yourselfer; disappointment,
perceive
Card 8.
Define the degree of assimilation of the following words.
Sombrero, pen, hors d’oeuvre, rouble, ciao, garage, phenomenon, cheese
Card 9.
Define the direction of derivation & the semantic correlations in the pairs of
words.
A knock – to knock; a snake – to snake; a pull-over – to pullover;
a rat – to rat; to blackmail – a blackmail; teletype – to teletype;
a shelter – to shelter; a say – to say; shoulder – to shoulder
Card 10.
Classify the phraseological units
first night; to take with a grain of salt; active service; to eat one's heart out;
East is East & West is West & never the twain shall meet; to catch a glimpse;
to have kittens; to know the ropes; Get going; to break one's word; to be on
tenterhooks
Card 11.
Find the synonymous terms in the list
1. amelioration - 18. bettering - 8. Melioration - 5. elevation
2. differentiation of synonyms - 11. discrimination of synonyms
3. Degradation - 13. deterioration - 9. Pejoration - 16. degeneration - 6.
worsening
12. Broadening -14. Widening - 4. Extension- 10. generalization
15. specialization - 17. narrowing - 7. restriction
Card 12.
Define the way of word-building
shelflife; video; VlP; bottle-shouldered; vet; hide-and-seek; worthiness; mart
(market); to umbrella; ifs & buts; conductorette; child-abuse; Byronesque;
Card 13.
Define the way of word-building
to snowball – conversion;
a comprehensive;
memo - shortening;
ped X-ing - shortening;
nuke - Clipping of nuclear weapon The verb is derived from the noun;
twirl;
comfy - shortening;
NASA - abbreviation;
AIDSophobia - composition;
to vac;
off-the-record;
prog (ressive person) - shortening,
squeak
There is a special branch of lexicology that studies the patterns (['pæt(ə)n] модели) on which a
language forms new lexical units – word-formation.
There are different word-formation means in modern English. They are:
1) MAGOR ['meɪʤə] главные
· affixation (добавляется суффикс или приставка)
· composition (словосложение sun + light = sunlight)
· conversion (конверсия – переход из одной части речи в другую, без добавления суффикса
или окончания work (noun) → to work (verb)
2) MINER ['maɪnə] второстепенные
· shortening (сокращение)
· sound imitation (звукоподражание)
· sound interchange (замена, чередование звука)
· stress interchange (замена ударного звука)
· blending (['blendɪŋ]) (слияние – одно слово проникает в другое
smoke [sməuk] курить + fog [fɔɡ] туман = smog [smɔɡ] густой туман с дымом и копотью; смог)
· backformation ( babysitter (noun) → to babysit (verb))
Card 16.
Analyze the structure of the following compounds, comment on the degree of
motivation
cheekbone, marble-topped, chi-chi (accent), butterfingers, highball,, tallboy,
double-decker, carrycot, back-to-the-land (policy), spokesman, sky-diving; leftovers
Card 14.
14. Sort out a) compounds and free word groups.
Pearl necklace, oak tree, fruity voice, downfall, brown bear, mad doctor,
walking stick, short break, dancing teacher; snow maiden
b) Sort out: endocentric and exocentric compounds.
Peachtree, pickpocket, peacemaker, wisdom tooth, toothpick, knowlittle.
Killjoy, cameraman, skinhead
Card 15.
Analyze the type of morphemic fission
repair; rearrange; demobilize; deceive; bilberry; cranberry; locket; pocket;
Card 17.
Think of words which are homonyms of the following ones. Comment on the
type of homonymy.
Spring (n) – spring (n) - Homographs,
leaves(v) – leaves (n) Homographs, ,
new (adj) – knew (v) Homophones,
sun (n) – Son (n) - Homophones,
found (v) - ,
left (v) – left (adj) - Homographs,
“sea” (n)– “see»(v) – Homophones,
rose (n) – rows (n) - Homophones,
night (n) – knight (n) - Homophones
Card 18.
Analyse the mechanism of semantic change.
China (my sister is fond of old china); to brood (he sat there brooding); seeds of
evil; a Ford; meat (it was meat & drink to him); fading (fading beauty); irons
(He was bound in irons); sour (a sour smile); a knave; danger (he was a danger
on the road); Lord(god)
Card 19.
Define the degree of assimilation of the following words.
Wine, large, criterion, coup d’etat, toreador, regime, courage, ballet,
window
Card 20.
Analyse the morphological structure of the following words. Identify the number
of morphemes & their types according to the semantic & the structural
classifications of morphemes.
Receive; cordial; geography; strawberry; half-decided; statesmanlike;
psychologist
Card 21.
Pick out borrowed words and state their origin.
Give, solar, actress, get, enable, skill, opera, ballet, philosophy, potato,
chronology, xylophone, sputnik
Card 22.
a) Are these compounds built in the same way?
Braintruster, honeymooner, mill-owner
b) Are the following words compounds?
Eggplant, mushroom, blackguard, horsemanship