Download final exam T2 G11 29 MAY - answers

1.
The diagram provided shows a simplified,
unlabeled outline of a cholinergic synapse. The influx
of which ion generates an action potential in the
postsynaptic neuron?
a)
Sodium
b)
Calcium
c)
Oxygen
d)
Potassium
2.
Frits Went is a biologist who carried out an experiment on
oat coleoptiles to demonstrate the presence of plant growth
hormones (auxins) in the tip of the seedlings. In the following
figure, an agar block is placed on one side of a decapitated
coleoptile which is placed in a dark room.
Based on Went’s observations, which of the following
statements best describe the expected response of the
coleoptile if you know that the agar block contains auxins?
a) Due to the absence of light, the side of the stem on which the agar
block is placed will grow slower than the opposite side.
b) Due to the absence of light, the auxins will distribute
equally on both sides, causing the stem to grow up straight.
c) The stem will bend away from the side on which the agar block
is placed.
d) The stem will bend towards the side on which the agar block is placed.
3.
When body temperature exceeds its normal range, blood is diverted to the skin in an attempt
to lose excess heat through the skin and sweating. This is facilitated by .
a.
b.
c.
d.
alternation between dilation and constriction of blood vessels to produce peristalsis
constriction of the nerves in the skin
dilation of the blood vessels in the skin
dilation of the nerves in the skin
4.
Which of the following is not a method of removing water from the body?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Shedding skin
Sweating
Urinating
Exhaling
5.
The graph provided shows how the potential difference across an axon membrane changes
during the course of an action potential. What is happening during stage 1?
The membrane is at resting potential, maintained by the sodium–potassium pump.
Voltage-gated potassium ion channels open, and potassium ions diffuse out of the axon.
The inside of the axon has become more negative than usual, causing hyperpolarization.
A stimulus has triggered the opening of voltage-gated sodium ion channels, and sodium ions
depolarize the membrane.
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.
Which of the following best describes the type of movement that pulvini are involved in
the Mimosa plant?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Negative phototropism
Positive hydrotropism
Positive phototropism
Response to a touch stimulus
7.
When the mimosa plant is in the dark, the primary rachises bend downwards. The reason
behind this phenomenon is .
a.
b.
c.
d.
the shrinking of the lower part of the pulvinus
the swelling of the lower part of the pulvinus
the bursting of the lower part of the pulvinus
the swelling of both the lower and the upper parts of the pulvinus.
8.
Considering the plant in the diagram, what is the expected result of directing light on only one
side of the plant?
The stem will grow and bend towards the light, while the root will keep growing downwards
away from the light.
b.
The stem and root will both grow and bend towards the light.
c.
The root will grow and bend towards the light, while the stem will grow and bend away from
the light.
d.
The stem and root will both grow and bend away from the light.
a.
9.
How would a plant stem respond to a light source on one side (case A) and to light sources of
the same intensity on opposite sides (case B)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A plant stem would bend towards light in both cases.
A plant stem would bend towards light only in case A.
A plant stem would bend towards light only in case B.
A plant stem would not bend and would grow straight in both cases.
10.
The following diagram shows a part of the basic outline of the dialysis process using the
artificial kidney (dialysis machine). Which number on the diagram refers to the part which contains
fluid closest in composition to the fluid found in loops of Henle in the kidney of a healthy person?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2
4
1
3
11.
Dialysis (artificial kidney) depends on the principles of the diffusion of solutes across
structure X. Which of the following is structure X?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The nephric tubule
A semipermeable membrane
A completely permeable membrane
The glomerulus
12.
The provided diagram shows water uptake by plants through transpiration pull.
If you knew that the leafy twig was not cut underwater, the expected observation would be that .
a.
the mercury level should not rise
b.
the mercury level should rise faster than normal
c.
the mercury level should fall
d.
there would be water droplets on the leaves
13.
Which of the following is not a limiting factor for transpiration?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Light intensity
Humidity
CO2 concentration
Wind
Temperature
14.
The diagram provided shows the structure of a sensory neuron, with the myelin sheath
labeled. What is the primary function of the myelin sheath?
a.
b.
c.
d.
To provide essential nutrients to the cells in the axon
To store the genetic material required by the axon
To provide the energy needed for the transmission of an electrical impulse
To electrically insulate the axon and speed up the rate of conduction
15.
The diagram provided shows a basic outline of a relay or intermediate neuron. What is the
function of a relay (intermediate) neuron?
a.
b.
c.
To carry impulses from sensory and to motor neurons, through the central nervous system
To transmit impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands
To transmit impulses from receptors to the central nervous system
16.
Complete the following sentence: An action potential arrives at the synaptic knob of the
presynaptic neuron, which stimulates calcium ion channels to .
a.
b.
c.
d.
open
invert
excite
close
17.
The diagram provided shows the anatomy of a cross section of the spinal cord. Each spinal
nerve has a dorsal and a ventral root.
Which root contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons?
a.
Dorsal
b.
Ventral
18.
The diagram provided shows a simplified outline of the brain, with the hypothalamus
highlighted. What are the major functions of the hypothalamus?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
To process visual information
To control voluntary movement and to help with memory and learning
To control hunger and sleep cycles and to regulate body temperature
To process auditory and visual information
To control fine motor and involuntary movement
19.
The provided figure shows the main components of a reflex arc. If some damage occurred to
part X, what would be the expected reflex?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The nerve impulse will move backwards.
The muscle would contract, but there would be no pain from the pin.
No signal would be transmitted through part Z.
No reflex would occur.
20.
CIPA is a disease that causes the loss of the ability to feel pain due to a damage in the neuron
responsible for detecting external stimuli and sending signals to the central nervous system. The part
of the diagram that indicates this neuron is .
a.
b.
c.
d.
part 4
part 3
part 2
part 1
21.
The sympathetic nervous system can cause…. (choose 2 options).
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Relaxation of urinary bladder
Constriction of the eye pupils
Decrease in salivary secretion
Decrease in glucose level in blood
Contraction of digestive system organs