Download EST Writing1 29-10-2021-1-14ddd

Questions 1-11 are based on the following
passage.
Monarch Butterflies Qualify for Endangered
List. They Still Won’t Be Protected.
1.
Officials said they did not have the money
or resources to protect the species [1],
eventhough it meets the criteria under the
Endangered Species Act.
The monarch butterfly is threatened with
extinction, but will not come under federal
protection because other species are a
higher priority, federal officials announced
Tuesday.
3.
“We conducted an intensive, thorough
review using a rigorous, transparent
science-based process and found that the
monarch meets listing criteria under the
Endangered Species Act,” Aurelia
Skipwith, the director of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, said in a statement.
“However, before we can propose listing,
we must focus resources on our
higher-priority listing actions.” As part of
the decision, [3] monarchs status will be
reviewed each year by the agency and
conservation efforts will continue.
4.
monarchs,which undertake an
astonishing, multigenerational
migration from as farnorth as Canada to
overwinter in centralMexico — has
declined by 75 percent
since the 1990s, scientists
estimate. [2] Across the Rocky Mountains,
Western monarchs have seen an even more
alarming drop.
NO CHANGE
, however,
; although,
yet,
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
captured
seized
realized
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
monarch’s status’s
monarchs’ status
monarchs status’
2.
Monarchs have long [2] grabbed human
hearts, fluttering through yards, parks and
fields on wings that look like miniature
works of art. But their numbers have been
decimated by climate-change-fueled
weather events and pervasive habitat loss
in the United States.
[1] The number of Eastern [4]
A.
B.
C.
D.
A. NO CHANGE
B. monarchs — which undertake an
astonishing, multigenerational
migration from as far north as
Canada to overwinter in central
Mexico, has
C. monarchs, which undertake an
astonishing, multigenerational
migration from as far north as
Canada to overwinter in central
Mexico, have
D. monarchs — which undertake an
astonishing, multigenerational
migration from as far north as
Canada to overwinter in central
Mexico — has
[3] Some of this collapse is tied to a need
for milkweed, the only plant that monarch
caterpillars can eat. [4] Milkweed has
declined across monarch breeding grounds
throughout the United States since farmers
started using crops that are genetically
modified to tolerate Roundup, a brand of
weedkiller. [5] Milkweed often grew
among crops, but cannot survive spraying.
In recent years, as the monarchs’ plight
has grown more dire, [6] Milkweed was
planted along other native plants that
nourished the adults for the movement that
was emerged. Everyday citizens, advocacy
groups and government agencies have
planted 500 million milkweed stems,
officials said, providing a lifeline for
monarchs.
5. To make this paragraph most logical,
sentence 3 be placed
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.
A. NO CHANGE (Milkweed was
planted along other native plants
that nourished the adults for the
movement that was emerged.)
B. caterpillars’ milkweed was held
along other native plants that
nourished the adults for the
movement.
C. a movement has emerged to sustain
the species by planting milkweed
for caterpillars along with other
native plants that nourish the
adults.
D. caterpillars were held along other
native plants that nourished the
adults for the movement.
But given the increasing toll from climate
change, which [7] is fueling winter storms
that wipe out millions at a time in Mexico,
droughts that kill them in the United States
and temperature changes that may cause
them to migrate too early or too late,
efforts to protect monarchs have not been
enough.
“While all of these people that care about
monarchs are doing a lot of positive
things, there are a lot of negative things
happening at the same time,” said Karen
Oberhauser, a conservation biologist at the
University of Wisconsin who has studied
monarchs since 1985. “We’re running as
fast as we can to stay in the same place.”
Federal protection would have helped, Dr.
Oberhauser said. But officials said
Tuesday they do not have the money or
resources to protect all the species that
need it.
“We have to work within the funding
resources that we have,” said Lori
Where it is now
Before sentence 2
After sentence 4
After sentence 5
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE (is fueling)
was fuelled
are fueling
were fuelled
Nordstrom, assistant regional director for
ecological services for the Fish and
Wildlife Service’s Midwest region.
Officials announced Monday that the
northern spotted owl merits an increase in
protective status from threatened to
endangered, but the change was also
scuttled to focus on higher priority species.
Currently [8] ;723 animal species are listed
as endangered or threatened in the United
States.
In addition to climate change and habitat
loss, monarchs are killed by pesticides
sprayed on crops, and in cities, towns and
backyards for mosquito control.
In addition to climate change and habitat
loss, monarchs are killed by pesticides
sprayed on crops, and in cities, towns and
backyards for mosquito control.
“The Biden administration is going to
unfortunately be spending quite a bit of
time simply bringing us back to where the
status quo was four years ago,” said
Ya-Wei Li, director for biodiversity at the
Environmental Policy Innovation Center.
8.
A. NO CHANGE (;723 animal
species are listed as endangered or
threatened in the United States.)
B. ,723 animal species are listed as
endangered or threatened in the
United States.
C. :723 animal species are listed as
endangered or threatened in the
United States.
D. 723 animal species are listed as
endangered or threatened in the
United States.
In the meantime, officials and monarch
advocates are calling on Americans to
plant milkweed and other nectar-rich
native plants in their backyards or
wherever they can. Rallying around
monarchs, they point out, will create
habitat that [9] sustain species up and
down the food chain.
In Osage, Iowa, where Wayne Fredericks
farms soybeans and corn, he has several
acres of land in a federal program that
pays him to maintain habitat that supports
pollinators. He sees hundreds of monarchs
during the summer, and also pheasant and
quail.
“[10] It’s a delight,” he said, and a
win-win for his bottom line and
biodiversity.
Scaling up these and other efforts is
critical to saving monarchs, said Wendy
Caldwell, the director of Monarch Joint
Venture, a partnership of government
agencies, conservation groups, businesses
and academic programs to protect the
monarch migration across the United
States. [11]
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE ( sustain)
maintain
nourishes
cherish
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
It is a catch,
Wow, that’s fantastic,
It’s a glory
10.
11. Which of the following quotations
from Caldwell most effectively conclude
the paragraph?
A. “Habibat loss along with climate
change will be the reason behind
the extinction of the monarch
butterflies.”
B. “Monarch butterflies are threatened
to be extinct soon.”
C. “We need all hands on deck.”
D. “Climate change will be the end of
the human race and any living
organism.”
Questions 12-22 are based on the following
passage.
The Discovery of Tutankhamun’s Tomb
The 20th century saw a race [12]
betweenexcavators to discover
Tutankhamun’s
tomb in the Valley of the Kings. Several
discoveries were made that first seemed to
be related to Tutankhamun’s tomb, but
were just false alarms. But finally, in 1903,
an automobile accident happened, which
eventually led to the discovery of
Tutankhamun’s tomb. How?
Lord Carnarvon-Howard Carter
Partnership
Lord Carnarvon, whose car was the second
car ever to be registered in England, had
the first car accident in history. And like
most wealthy Englishmen, he went to [13]
Egypt to recover. He found the country
quite fascinating and decided to stay and
conduct excavations there.
[14] That’s how he ended up hiring
Howard Carter, an unemployed excavator
who was trying to survive by selling
paintings. But they couldn’t excavate in
the Valley of the Kings because the
concession belonged to Theodore Davis
then. So they then excavated in other
places. But after five years, they gave up
because they hadn’t found much. Things
turned in 1917. The Carter-Carnarvon
team got permission to excavate the Valley
of the Kings because Theodore Davis had
given up the concession. Davis thought the
Valley was exhausted, and there was
nothing left to be found. Carter and
Carnarvon took the concession with one
aim: looking for Tutankhamun’s tomb.
12.
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
along
among
within
13. Which choice most effectively
combines the sentences at the underlined
part?
A. Egypt to recover; founding
B. Egypt to recover then to found
C. Egypt to recover, and he found
D. Egypt to recover, he found
14. Which choice provides the most
effective transition from the previous
paragraph?
A. NO CHANGE
B. Theodore Davis was one of the
obstacles Lord Carnarvon faced
C. The Valley of the Kings, being far
away from the city, was hard to
excavate
D. Having partnered with Howard
Carter, Theodore Davis went with
his team on an excavation
expedition.
15.
Carter had [15] comprehensive and
thorough knowledge about the Valley of
the Kings due to his long experience in
excavation and being the chief inspector in
the area. He made an accurate map of the
valley and determined every spot that had
to be excavated. They planned to excavate
every inch of the valley, right down to
bedrock, to find the long-searched-for
tomb of Tutankhamun.
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
thoroughly comprehensive
comprehension
comprehensive
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
significant
consequential
momentous
16.
Although WWI put a break to their
mission, they were finally able to make a
breakthrough in 1922. The team had been
excavating the valley for several years
with no [16] bulky gains. Finally, Lord
Carnarvon got frustrated and decided to
give up. But Carter insisted and asked him
to give him one more season. He even
pledged to pay for it, although he didn’t
have the money. Lord Carnarvon accepted,
and they went back to excavation.
The first thing Carter found was a step that
he thought would lead to a tomb. When
they uncovered all the steps, they found a
wall at the end of the steps. The wall was
sealed, [17] which made Carter certain
thathe had found an intact tomb. He wired
Carnarvon in England and asked him to
come to Egypt immediately.
When Carnarvon arrived, they cut a small
hole in the wall. Carter looked through the
hole into the tomb and said he saw
wonderful things. He said he saw the glint
of gold everywhere. That was just the
beginning of the discovery of a tomb full
of objects gilded with gold.
17. Which choice adds to the significance
of the finding in the first part of the
sentence?
A. NO CHANGE
B. which made accessing it even
harder
C. leading carter to give up his
excavation
D. requiring an elite of scientists
unsealing it
[18] While entering, the first room was
fullof furniture like ritual beds on which
Tutankhamun was laid. It took them
almost an year to clear out the room. An
enormous gilded shrine had taken up the
entire burial chamber. The wooden shrine
was difficult to dismantle because the
wood was 1,000 years old, and they had to
be very careful. When Carter finally
dismantled it, he found another shrine
inside it. And then, there were two more
shrines inside it.
18.
It seems strange, doesn’t it? A pharaoh is
buried in his tomb with literally thousands
of objects, no expense spared, and there is
NO CHANGE
Upon entering,
By entering,
Enter the scientists,
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
was
had
have
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
dodged
fled
ducked
19.
Inside the fourth shrine, Carter found a
spectacular thing—a beautiful
sarcophagus. Inside it there [19] were
coffins nested inside each other. Finally, he
got to a stone sarcophagus, which was
very difficult to open. But he finally
managed to open it. They were finally able
to discover the mummy of Tutankhamen,
the first pharaoh whose mummy was still
in the tomb, which was also found intact.
After discovering the tomb, Carter said
several times that Tutankhamun eluded
him. What did he do about this? Up until
then, Tutankhamen, a king, was just a
mystery, just a name. But Carter wasn’t
just a treasure hunter. He was looking for
knowledge, and what had [20] eluded
Carter and everybody else was that they
still didn’t know anything about
Tutankhamun. There were no papyri in the
entire tomb. There was nothing that gave
more information about his parents. In
fact, to this day archaeologists continue to
debate about Tutankhamen’s lineage.
A.
B.
C.
D.
20.
nothing historical to tell us about who he
was.
There were other things about the tomb
that were rather puzzling. [21] However,
nocrown was found inside the tomb. Yet
he was the king of Egypt. They had his
throne
and his baby sandals. They even had his
baby throne when he was a baby and when
he was a boy-king. But where was his
crown? A possible explanation to this can
be that perhaps the crown was a magical
object, passed from king to king. So that
was the one object that the pharaoh could
not take with him to the next world. But
Tutankhamen sure tried to take everything
else to the next world.
The discovery that Carter made was, no
doubt, a highly valuable one, but it didn’t
tell much about Tutankhamun— [22] a
mystery that remains unsolved.
21.
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
Moreover,
That is,
For example,
22. Which choice provides the most
effective conclusion to the passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
carter still has a long journey
an ancient Egyptian king
an exceptional discovery
Question 23-33 are based of the following
passage
Electric Cars Are Coming. How Long
Until They Rule the Road?
Around the world, governments and
automakers [23] focuses on selling newer,
cleaner electric vehicles as a key solution
to climate change. [24] in contrast, it could
take years, if not decades, before the
technology has a drastic effect on
greenhouse gas emissions. One reason for
that It will take a long time for all the
existing gasoline-powered vehicles on the
road to reach the end of their life spans.
This “fleet turnover” can be slow [25]
analysts said, because conventional
gasoline-powered cars and trucks are
becoming more reliable, breaking down
less often and [26] last longer on the road.
The average light-duty vehicle operating in
the United States today is 12 years old,
according to IHS Markit, an economic
forecasting firm. That’s up from 9.6 years
old in 2002.
23) a. No change
B. are focused
C. is focused
D. will be focused
24) which of the following best sets up the
discussion that follows in the paragraph?
A.
B.
C.
D.
No change
nevertheless
As a result
That being
25)
A.
B.
C.
D.
No change
, Analysts said-, analysts said,
-- Analysts said
26)
a. no change
b. lasted
c. lasting
d. was lasting
[27] “Engineering quality has gotten
significantly better over time, in part
because of competition from foreign
automakers like Toyota,” said Todd
Campau, who specializes in automotive
aftermarket analysis at IHS Markit. Newer
passenger vehicles still mostly run on
gasoline. And they’re likely to [28] stay
around for a while due to the radical
advances witnessed at the field.
Today, Americans still buy roughly 17
million gasoline-burning vehicles each
year. Each of those cars and light trucks
can be expected to stick around for 10 or
20 years as they are sold and resold in used
car markets. [29], place for trading old
cars. And even after that, the United States
exports hundreds of thousands of older
used cars annually to countries such as
Mexico or Iraq, where the vehicles can last
even longer with repeated repairs.
In order for almost all cars on the road to
be electric by 2050, new plug-in sales
would need to quickly ramp up to 100
percent in the next 15 years.
27) which quotation would best introduce
the paragraph
a. “Engineering quality has gotten
significantly better over time, in
part because of competition from
foreign automakers like Toyota
b. scientists are still unable to
determine the reason behind
people’s tendencies to keep their
old cars
c. I think the end to
gasoline-operating cars is sooner
than one might think
d. we, of course, mustn’t overlook
theeffect of not shifting to
electrical cars on global warming
28) which choice most strongly conveys
that cars are likely remaining on the road
a.
b.
c.
d.
no change
Stick
Operate
function
[30] in contrast , if automakers phased out
sales of new internal combustion engines,
it’s possible that older gasoline-powered
cars might persist for even longer on the
roads, as consumers who are unable to
afford newer, pricier electric cars [31] , as
a result of their economic instability due to
29)
low wages afforded by most companies,
instead turn to cheaper used models and
drive them more.
30)
So policymakers may need to consider
additional strategies to clean up
transportation, experts said. That could
include policies to buy back and scrap
older, less efficient cars already in use. It
could also include strategies to reduce
[32]it’s dependence on car travel, such as
expanding public transit [33] and in turn
reducing traffic jam. (most relevant
example), so that existing vehicles are
driven less often.
a. no change
b. , where used cars are sold
c. where people buy cars previously
owned by other people
d. omit the underlined portion
a.
b.
c.
d.
no change
Additionally,
Nevertheless,
for example,
31) the writer is considering deleting the
underlined portion, should this part be kept
or deleted?
a. kept, because it provides evidence
for a point mentioned earlier in the
paragraph
b. kept, because it states the main idea
of the passage
c. deleted, because it blurs the focus
of the paragraph with a loosely
related detail.
d. deleted, because it contradicts the
author’s claim.
32)
a.
b.
c.
d.
no change
American’s dependence
Americans’ dependence
their dependence
a.
b.
c.
d.
no change
or encouraging biking and walking
buying more military planes
discouraging obeying the driving
safety rules.
33)
Questions 34-44 are based on the
following passage.
Who is Benjamin Franklin?
34.
Have you ever seen the face on a $100 bill?
[34] If so you’ve seen Benjamin Franklin,
one of America’s Founding Fathers and a
key person in US history.
Franklin was not only a Founding Father,
[35] he was an inventor, author, diplomat,
publisher, and politician. He was an
excellent example of a Renaissance Man – a
man with many talents and areas of
knowledge.
Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in
Boston, Massachusetts. He was the 15th
child of Josiah Franklin. When Franklin
turned 8, he went to school, doing well in
writing but [36] struggling with math. He
stopped going to school at the age of 10 to
work in his father’s candle shop. Benjamin
Franklin loved learning, however, and
[37]he read constantly, and he taught
himself different subjects; even though, he
wasn’t going to school.
A.
b.
c.
d.
NO CHANGE
so, you’ve seen
if so, you’ve seen
if so, you are seeing
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
but additionally he was
but he was
but he was also
35.
36. Which choice would best imply that
Franklin had a hard time with the math
subject?
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
suffering
enduring
brawling
37. Which choice best combines the
underlined sentence?
A. NO CHANGE
B. he read constantly while also
teaching himself different subjects
even though he wasn’t going to
school.
C. he read constantly. Additionally, he
taught himself different subjects
even though he wasn’t going to
school.
D. he read constantly and taught
himself different subjects even
though he wasn’t going to school.
Because Franklin loved to read, his
father thought he would do well in the
newspaper business. He sent Benjamin
to work with his brother James at a
printing shop. Benjamin and his brother
had a rough relationship, but Benjamin
used the skills he learned at the print
shop throughout his life. [38] He wrote
books and articles, published
newspapers and books, and even owned
a printing house. People today still quote
from Franklin’s writings. “Early to bed,
early to rise, makes a man healthy,
wealthy, and wise,” is a Franklin saying
still quoted today.
Franklin wasn’t just a writer and publisher.
He was also an inventor and a scientist. He
is [39] formally established for an
experiment where he flew a kite in the
middle of a storm. This led to the invention
of the lightning rod, as well as a better
understanding of the connection between
lightning and electricity. Franklin also
invented [40] bifocals; something still
usedby people today.
38.
A. NO CHANGE
B. He wrote books, and articles
published
C. He wrote books and articles, and
published
D. He wrote books and articlespublished
39. Which choice matches the tone of
the passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
so famous
well known
trending
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
bifocals. Something
bifocals, something
bifocals, something,
40.
[41] His involvement in the founding of the
United States of America might be his most
important contribution to the United States,
however. Franklin was the only Founding
Father to sign the Declaration of
Independence, the Constitution, and the
[42] Treaty of Paris. An agreement that
ended war between the United States and
Great Britain.
41. The author wants to delete the
underlined portion. Should the author make
this deletion?
A. Yes, because it should be put
elsewhere in the passage.
B. Yes, because it merely repeats
information provided in the
paragraph.
C. No, because it adds a relevant
introduction to Franklin’s role in the
foundation of the United States.
D. No, because deleting the sentence
would undermine the author’s claim.
[43] Benjamin Franklin helped change
theworld. Who knows how life would be
different if this man of many talents [44]
hadnever lived.
42.
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
Treaty of Paris – an agreement
Treaty of Paris, an agreementTreaty of Paris; an agreement
43. Which choice would best set up the next
sentence?
A. NO CHANGE
B. Nevertheless, Franklin could've
done a better job in office.
C. Franklin was one of America’s
greatest presidents; however, he
lacked certain talents.
D. May he rest in peace!
44.
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
had never lived?
had not ever lived.
had he lived?