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Cell Organelles – Electron Micrograph
Andy Velkov 1-3
October 19, 2021
Biology 12
Purpose:
1. To observe various electron micrographs of cellular structures.
2. To summarize the functions of cell organelles
Procedure:
1. Working individually, go through this handout and observe the
electron micrograph.
2. Identify each structure and indicate its function. Be as thorough and
as specific as possible.
3. Answer all the questions within each part.
Observation & Discussion:
Diagram 1:
Label
1
Structure
Nucleus
2
Nuclear
Envelope
3
Nucleolus
Form
Surrounded by
nuclear
envelope
Function
Control center of brain
Determines
metabolism, structure
and reproduction of cell
Double bilayer of Lets materials in and out
phospholipids
of materials
(14 layers)
Lets RNA out and keeps
DNA inside nucleus
In the center of Makes
nucleus
ribosomal ribonucleic acid
Circular
Diagram 2:
A) The endoplasmic reticulum is the structure in question. The endoplasmic
reticulum functions similarly to an assembly line, transferring, attaching,
and creating materials. The endoplasmic reticulum expands the cell's
surface area, allowing chemical reactions to take place.
B) The endoplasmic reticulum is the structure in question. The endoplasmic
reticulum functions similarly to an assembly line, transferring, attaching,
and creating materials. The endoplasmic reticulum expands the cell's
surface area, allowing chemical reactions to take place.
C) Ribosomes
Diagram 3:
A) The structure is the polysome, often known as a polyribosome. The goal
of the polyribosome is to make proteins that are utilized by the cell. Another
role is transportation.
B) Polyribosomes are clumps of free-floating ribosomes that link to RNA in
the nucleolus to form polyribosomes.
C) Through nuclear pores, ribosomes can be discovered on the rough ER.
Diagram 4:
A) The structure is the Golgi body. The inner surface of the Golgi body is
utilized to accept freshly produced proteins from the endoplasmic
reticulum. The newly produced proteins are then sorted inside the Golgi
body and bundled into vesicles, which are then pinched off the saccule's
outer surface. Exocytosis permits the protein to be transported from the
vesicles outside of the cell.
B) The similar membranous sacs are called vesicles. The purpose of vesicles
is to assist in the movement of substances that must be moved from the
cytoplasm.
Diagram 5:
Label
1
Structure
Central vacuole
2
Cell wall
3
Chloroplast
Form
Bounded by a
single membrane
and full of water
Structure
Water storage
Waste storage
Food storage
Cell support
3-layer structure Provides strength
surround cell
and protection
membrane. Rigid and filters passing
but porous. Made molecules
of lots of cellulose
fibers.
2 layers of
Photosynthesis
membrane and
arranged in stacks
called grana
Diagram 6:
A) Mitochondria are the structure. The mitochondrial role is to provide
energy to the cell through a process known as aerobic cellular respiration,
in which glucose is converted to ATP.
B) The inner membrane is the second structure. Cristae are the folds of
structure 2.
C) The name of the reaction the occurs on the mitochondria is the
aerobic cellular respiration.
D)Because it’s filled with enzymes that are arranged in an assembly line
where energy is produced. It allows an increase in the capacity
of the mitochondria to synthesize ATP.
Diagram 7:
A) Structure 1 is the chloroplast. The chloroplast's job is to convert sunlight
into enzymes in a process known as photosynthesis.
B) Structure 2 is grana. The name of the individual structure within grana is
thylakoids.
C) Photosynthesis – 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ------> C6H12O6 + CO2
D) The mitochondria and chloroplast are similar in that they are both
organelles in cells that aid in energy production.
Diagram 8:
A) Structure 1 is centrioles. Centrioles are responsible for the formation of
spindle apparatus fibres during cell division.
B) They can also form cilia and flagella.
C) Structure 2 is microtubules.
D) Arrangement of microtubules is called 9+0