Download Human body final

Name: ________________________ Date:__________
Minimum Points to Pass: ______
Unit Test: Human Organ Systems
LS1: Multicellular organisms have specific structures to carry out life functions.
Directions: CIRCLE the best answer for the multiple choice questions.
1. All Life begins with a single _____________.
a. Tissue
b. Cell
c. Organ
d. microbe
2. The control center of a cell is the _____________.
a. Chromosome
b. cytoplasm
c. cell membrane
d. nucleus
3. Skin, ears, and kidneys are examples of _____________.
a. Organs
b. Cells
c. Tissues
d. organ systems
4. The _____________ system removes waste products from the body.
a. Excretory
b. All of these
c. Integumentary
d. Digestive
5. A group of similar cells performing the same function is a(n) _____________.
a. Cell
b. Tissue
c. Organ
d. system
6. The type of joint in your elbow is a _____________ joint.
a. Hinge
c. gliding
b. ball & socket
d. fixed
7. The type of joint found in your cranium is a _____________ joint.
a. Hinged
b. fused / suture
c. ball & socket
d. gliding
8. An important function of bones is to store _____________.
a. Tendons
b. calcium and phosphorous
c. blood cells
d. cartilage
9. Breathing, heart beating, and food digesting are examples of activities using
_____________ type of muscles.
a. Cardiac
c. Striated
b. Voluntary
d. involuntary
10.Walking, running, and carrying a book involve using _____________ type of muscles.
a. Striated
c. Voluntary
b. Cardiac
d. involuntary
11.Cardiac muscle tissue can be found in your _____________.
a. Heart
b. Liver
12.(3pts) Label the three types of muscle cells.
a.________________
b. _______________
c. _______________
c. Stomach
d. Brain
13.Skin helps the body maintain a steady _____________ through perspiration and
enlarging of blood vessels.
a. Tan
b. Pace
c. Temperature
d. Heart beat
14.Food molecules absorption occurs in the _____________.
a. large intestine
b. mouth
c. small intestine
d. stomach
15.The human heart has _____________ chambers (rooms).
a. Three
b. Two
c. Five
d. Four
16.The atriums of the heart _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Receive blood from the body and lungs
send blood to the body and lungs
hold blood for oxygenation
Carry blood to the brain
17.Arteries, Veins, and capillaries are the _____________ in the circulatory system.
a. Organs
c. Cells
b. Vessels
d. tissues
18.Red blood cells can carry oxygen because ____________________.
21.Red blood cells are made in bone marrow
22.the cells are round
23.red blood cells are covered with iron
24.blood cells have a smooth surface
19.The function of white blood cells is to _______________________.
a. To build bone structures
b. defend the body against pathogens
c. to carry gasses
d. defend the body against fat
20.(7pts) Label the structures of the heart. Words may be used more than once.
21.The main tissue found in the respiratory system that has increased surface areas for gas
exchange is/are _____________.
a. Diaphragm
b. Bronchi
c. Alveoli
d. Lung
22.Water, urea, and other wastes are stored for disposal in which organ?_____________.
a. Protein
b. Urine
c. Perspiration
d. bladder
23.The _____________ makes urea and breaks down old red blood cells.
a. Urethra
b. Pancreas
c. Kidneys
d. Liver
24.A nerve cell is also called a(n) _____________
a. epithelial
b. Neuron
25.The central nervous system includes :
a. Dendrites
b. Spinal Cord
c. Prokaryotic
d. cardiac
c. Nerves
d. Brain & Spinal Cord
27.The part of the brain responsible for thinking and memory is the_____________
a. Cerebellum
b. Medulla
c. Spinal Cord
d. Cerebrum
28.The part of the brain responsible for involuntary actions such as breathing and heart
beat is the _____________
a. Spinal Cord
b. Cerebellum
c. Cerebrum
d. Medulla
29.The endocrine gland that helps regulate blood glucose levels:
a. Pancreas
b. Adrenal
c. Pituitary
d. Thyroid
30.The endocrine gland regulates hormones that control metabolism and energy-related
reactions:
a. Thyroid
b. Pancreas
c. Adrenal
d. Pituitary
31.What is purpose of the reproductive system?
a. Genetic diversity
b. Fertilization
c. Ovulation
d. Duplication
32.What is the term which describes the joining together of a sperm and an egg?
a. Ovulation
b. Reproduction
c. Duplication
d. Fertilization
33.The primary function of the system is to support and protect the body.
a. Digestive
b. Muscular
c. Respiratory
d. Skeletal
34.The primary function of this system is to be a communication and response system for
the body.
a. Endocrine
c. Excretory
b. Lymphatic
d. Nervous
35.The primary function of this system is to help you fight pathogens (germs).
a. Nervous
b. Lymphatic
c. Endocrine
d. Excretory
36.The bone that protects the brain is called the _____________
a. Patella
c. Cranium
b. ribs
d. tibia
37.The human body contains how many bones? _____________.
a. 402
b. 156
c. 206
d. 79
38.The bone that protects the heart is called the _____________.
a. sternum
b. clavicle
c. vertebrae
d. pelvis
39.The bone(s) that protect the spinal cord:
a. Pelvis
b. Clavicle
c. Sternum
d. vertebrae
40.The finger-like projections in the small intestine that "soak up" nutrients:
a. Alveoli
b. Clavicle
c. Villi
d. phalanges
41. Structure(s) in the lungs responsible for gas exchange is/are___________.
a. Villi
c. Phalanges
b. Clavicle
d. alveoli
42.Skin, hair, and nails are part of this system:
a. Integumentary
b. Endocrine
c. Digestive
d. Lymphati
43.Tonsils, Spleen, and Lymph are part of this system which collects excess fluids and helps
to fight pathogens (germs):
a. Digestive
b. Lymphatic
c. Integumentary
d. Endocrine
44.The human body system that includes these glands, thyroid, adrenals, and pancreas:
a. Reproductive
b. Endocrine
c. Excretory
d. Digestive
45.These two body systems work together to allow a person to move, talk, and run.
a. Integumentary & Lymphatic
c. Endocrine & Reproductive
b. Skeletal & Muscular
d. Digestive & Excretory
46.A pathogen is? _______________
a. Ecoli bacteria
b. Any bacteria or virus that causes diseases
c. flu virus
d. A disease
47.Most single-celled organisms reproduce by
a. photosynthesis.
b. sexual reproduction.
c. asexual reproduction.
d. intersexual reproduction.
48.Which of the following would you expect to see only in a plant cell?
a. ribosomes
c. chloroplasts
b. mitochondria
d. lysosomes
49.Which of the following are not characteristics of all living organisms?
(a) growth
(d) egg-laying
(g) photosynthesis
(b) 'warm-bloodedness' (e) respiration
(h) excretion
(c) reproduction
(f) sensitivity
(i) feeding
Short Answer
50. Which types of mammal are included in the Primate group?
_______________________________________________________________
51.Living organisms are sensitive. This means that when they receive a
____________________ they make a ________________________________.
Essay Questions (2pts ea). Choose at least one question to answer.
52.Explain the primary purpose for sexual reproduction.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
53.Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
54.Describe how an immunization works to protect the body from viruses.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
55.Explain how the Respiratory System is an open system.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
56. Phenomena Analysis (4 pts each)
EVERYONE MUST COMPLETE
Homeostasis helps the body maintain a constant internal environment. The endocrine and nervous systems
help detect changes in either the internal or the external environment and respond to those changes. Organ
systems use feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.
Negative feedback is a control system that helps the body maintain homeostasis by sending a signal to stop a
response. Negative feedback is used when you are hungry because the digestive system receives signals that it
is time to eat. When you eat, the digestive and circulatory systems then work together and increase the
amount of nutrients in the body. As the nutrients are being processed, the stomach sends signals to the brain
to tell the body that you are full and to stop eating.
In contrast to negative feedback, positive feedback is a control system that sends a signal to increase a
response. Blood clotting is an example of positive feedback. When you are bleeding, the circulatory system
maintains homeostasis by controlling blood loss. Blood cells called platelets move to the site of the wound and
help control bleeding by forming a clot with a protein called fibrin. As the clot forms, more platelets travel to
the clot and help control the bleeding.
Shivering is a bodily function in response to early hypothermia or just feeling cold in warm-blooded animals.
When the core body temperature drops, the shivering reflex is triggered to maintain homeostasis. Skeletal
muscles begin to shake in small movements, creating warmth by expending energy.
Directions: Use full sentences to address the prompt. Include one Cross-Cutting Concept: patterns; cause and
effect; scale, proportion, and quantity; systems and system models; energy and matter; structure and
function; and stability and change in your explanation.
Explain the type of response the human body would have to being cold.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Breathing & Air Pressure
Pressure of Gas Particles
Because gas particles in the air—like particles of all fluids—are constantly moving and bumping into
things, they exert pressure. The pressure exerted by the air in the atmosphere is greater close to
Earth’s surface and decreases as you go higher above the surface. You can see this in
the Figure below.
Denver, Colorado, is called the “mile-high city” because it is
located 1 mile (1.6 km) above sea level. What is the average
atmospheric pressure that high above sea level?
From the graph, the average atmospheric pressure 1.6 km
above sea level is about 85 kPa.
Explaining Changes in Air Pressure with Altitude


There are two reasons why air pressure decreases as
altitude increases: density and depth of the atmosphere.
Most gas molecules in the atmosphere are pulled close to Earth’s surface by gravity, so gas
particles are denser near the surface. With more gas particles in a given volume, there are more
collisions of particles and therefore greater pressure.
The depth (distance from top to bottom) of the atmosphere is greatest at sea level and decreases
at higher altitudes. With greater depth of the atmosphere, more air is pressing down from above.
Therefore, air pressure is greatest at sea level and falls with increasing altitude. On top of Mount
Everest, which is the tallest mountain on Earth, air pressure is only about one-third of the pressure
at sea level.
How We Use Air Pressure
The pressure of air in the atmosphere allows us to do many things, from sipping
through a straw to simply breathing. You can see in the Figures below and
below how we use air pressure in both of these ways.
When you first suck on a straw, you remove air from the straw, so the air pressure
in the straw is lower that the air pressure on the surface of the drink. A fluid always
flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure, so the drink moves up the straw
and into your mouth.
Directions: Use full sentences to address the prompt. Include one Cross-Cutting Concept:
patterns; cause and effect; scale, proportion, and quantity; systems and system models;
energy and matter; structure and function; and stability and change.
Explain how differences in air pressure allow us to breathe.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________