Download Mitosis vs Meiosis Notes

Mitosis and Meiosis
Cell Growth
and Division
Copyright © Amy Brown Science
Copyright © Amy Brown Science
Limits to Cell Growth
•Why do cells
divide?
•Instead of dividing,
why don’t cells
just grow larger
and larger?
There are two main reasons why cells divide rather than
continuing to grow larger and larger:
The larger a cell
becomes, the more …
… demands the cell
places on its DNA.
If the cell grows too large, it will have trouble
moving enough …
… nutrients and wastes across the cell
membrane.
Problem #1: Our DNA has its limits!
• All of the __________
informa@on that a
cell needs to function is
DNA of the cell.
stored in the ____
• DNA is packaged into
chromosomes
____________.
A chromosome consists of
one very long linear …
… DNA molecule consisting of
1000's of genes.
gene is the instructions
• Each _____
for making a particular
protein that the cell needs.
_______
Problem #1: Our DNA has its limits!
• The cell is constantly making copies of
these genes and sending the copies (in
the form of RNA) out to the ribosomes.
• When the cell is small, the information
stored in the cellʼs DNA is adequate to
meet the needs of the cell.
• As the cell grows too large, the cell”s
DNA cannot meet the needs of the cell.
The DNA cannot keep up with the
demands of running a larger cell.
© Amy Brown Science
Problem #2: A Growing Cell Needs More Food !
food
A cell must constantly take in …
… food, oxygen, and water
across the membrane.
Waste products must constantly cross the membrane to
______________
leave the cell.
_____
oxygen, and water
A larger cell will require much more food,
____________________.
much more waste
A larger cell will generate ________________.
Problem #2: A Growing Cell Needs More Food !
volume of the cell increases more
As the cell grows, the _______
surface area of the ______________.
cell membrane
rapidly than the ___________
When the cell gets too large, the
membrane
surface area is not adequate to transport
_____________________
________
food, water, and waste products
the large quantities of ____________________________
into and out of the cell.
Surface Area to Volume Ratio in Cells
The size of a cell is limited by its surface area-to-volume ratio.
Example: Let’s consider three plant cells of different sizes. We will calculate
the surface area to volume ratio in each cell. For simplicity, we will assume that
each plant cell is a cube.
Length: 1 cm
Width: 1 cm
Height: 1 cm
Length: 2 cm
Width: 2 cm
Height: 2 cm
Length: 3 cm
Width: 3 cm
Height: 3 cm
Surface Area of Cell
(length x width x 6)
Volume of Cell
(length x width x
height)
(1 cm) (1 cm) (6)
(1 cm) (1 cm) (1 cm)
Surface Area = 6 cm
2
2
(3 cm) (3 cm) (6)
Surface Area = 54 cm
3
6/1=6:1
(2 cm) (2 cm) (2 cm)
(2 cm) (2 cm) (6)
Surface Area = 24 cm
Volume = 1 cm
Ratio of Surface Area
to Volume
Volume = 8 cm
3
(3 cm) (3 cm) (3 cm)
2
Volume = 27 cm
3
24 / 8 = 3 : 1
54 / 27 = 2 : 1
Surface Area to Volume Ratio in Cells
Length: 1 cm
Width: 1 cm
Height: 1 cm
Length: 2 cm
Width: 2 cm
Height: 2 cm
Length: 3 cm
Width: 3 cm
Height: 3 cm
Surface Area of Cell
(length x width x 6)
Volume of Cell
(length x width x
height)
(1 cm) (1 cm) (6)
(1 cm) (1 cm) (1 cm)
Surface Area = 6 cm
2
2
(3 cm) (3 cm) (6)
Surface Area = 54 cm
3
6/1=6:1
(2 cm) (2 cm) (2 cm)
(2 cm) (2 cm) (6)
Surface Area = 24 cm
Volume = 1 cm
Ratio of Surface Area
to Volume
Volume = 8 cm
3
(3 cm) (3 cm) (3 cm)
2
Volume = 27 cm
3
24 / 8 = 3 : 1
54 / 27 = 2 : 1
Describe what happens to the surface area to volume
ratio as the size of the cell increases.
Answer: There is a decrease in the surface area to volume
ratio of the cell as it increases in size.
Surface Area to Volume Ratio in Cells
Length: 1 cm
Width: 1 cm
Height: 1 cm
Length: 2 cm
Width: 2 cm
Height: 2 cm
Length: 3 cm
Width: 3 cm
Height: 3 cm
Surface Area of Cell
(length x width x 6)
Volume of Cell
(length x width x
height)
(1 cm) (1 cm) (6)
(1 cm) (1 cm) (1 cm)
Surface Area = 6 cm
2
(2 cm) (2 cm) (6)
Surface Area = 24 cm
(2 cm) (2 cm) (2 cm)
2
(3 cm) (3 cm) (6)
Surface Area = 54 cm
Volume = 1 cm
3
Volume = 8 cm
3
(3 cm) (3 cm) (3 cm)
2
Volume = 27 cm
3
Ratio of Surface Area
to Volume
6/1=6:1
24 / 8 = 3 : 1
54 / 27 = 2 : 1
Which cell would most efficiently be able to move materials into and out of the
cell? Explain.
Answer: The smaller cell will be able to move materials more efficiently into and out of the
cell. There is a larger surface area of cell membrane in comparison to the volume of the cell.
The membrane will be better able to take in resources and get rid of the wastes in the
smaller cell.
Surface Area to Volume Ratio in Cells
Length: 1 cm
Width: 1 cm
Height: 1 cm
Length: 2 cm
Width: 2 cm
Height: 2 cm
Length: 3 cm
Width: 3 cm
Height: 3 cm
Surface Area of Cell
(length x width x 6)
Volume of Cell
(length x width x
height)
(1 cm) (1 cm) (6)
(1 cm) (1 cm) (1 cm)
Surface Area = 6 cm
2
(2 cm) (2 cm) (6)
Surface Area = 24 cm
(2 cm) (2 cm) (2 cm)
2
(3 cm) (3 cm) (6)
Surface Area = 54 cm
Volume = 1 cm
3
Volume = 8 cm
3
(3 cm) (3 cm) (3 cm)
2
Volume = 27 cm
3
Ratio of Surface Area
to Volume
6/1=6:1
24 / 8 = 3 : 1
54 / 27 = 2 : 1
Does a cell need a high or low surface area to volume ratio?
Answer: High
What must cells do before they grow too large?
Before becoming too large, a growing cell divides into 2 cells.
Cell Division
Cell division is the process by which cellular material is
divided between ____________________.
two new daughter cells
_______
mother cell divides to form two _____________.
daughter cells
One __________
identical to each other and to the
The two daughter cells will be ________
mother cell.
copy of all
Before cell division begins, the cell makes a _____
chromosomes (DNA)
of its __________________.
Each daughter cell will get …
… one complete set of chromosomes.
half the size of the parent cell, but immediately
Each daughter is ___________
growing
begins ________.
Each daughter cell has an …
… increased surface area to volume ratio.
Chromosomes are
composed of DNA and
proteins.
The DNA contains the
coded genetic
information of the cell.
Each cell must
make copies of
its chromosomes
before cell
division occurs.
Each daughter cell will get …
… a complete set of chromosomes.
The cells of different
organisms have a
characteristic number of
chromosomes per cell.
Human cells contain 23
pairs or 46 chromosomes
per cell.
Fruit flies have only
8 chromosomes,
while the Red King
Crab has 208.
Cell division occurs in two
main stages:
1. Mitosis: The division of
the nucleus
2. Cytokinesis: The
division of the
cytoplasm
The chromosomes are not visible except during __________.
cell division
At the beginning of cell division, the chromosomes _________
condense
into compact, visible structures that are easily seen with a
microscope.
Well before cell division
takes place, each
chromosome is
replicated or copied.
At the beginning of cell
division, each
chromosome consists of
two identical “sister
chromatids.”
These ___________
chromatids are
connected at an area
called a ____________.
centromere
centromere
chromatid chromatid
Sister Chromatids
The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is the …
… series of events that
cells go through as they
grow and divide.
The cell cycle is the
life of the cell from
the time it is first
formed from a
dividing parent cell
until its own division
into two cells.
During the cell cycle, a cell …
… grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two
daughter cells.
The Cell Cycle
The cycle consists of five major phases:
1. G1 (first gap)
2. S (synthesis)
G2 phase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
3. G2 (second gap)
4. Mitosis - the
division of the
nucleus
5. Cytokinesis - the
division of the
cytoplasm
Interphase
S phase
G1 phase
(NOTE: G1, S, and G2 phases are
collectively known as interphase.)
Preparation for Cell Division
Before a cell can begin
_______
mitosis and divide, it must
form _________
duplicates of its
chromosomes and produce
supply of organelles for
a __________________
the two
________________.
daughter cells
These preparations occur during the G1, S, and G2
phases of the cell cycle.
These three phases are collectively known as
Interphase.
Preparation for Cell Division
G1 phase
a. The cell increases in size.
b. The enzymes, cytoplasmic
organelles and other
molecules double in
number.
S Phase
a. Replication of DNA occurs.
G2 Phase
a. The cell assembles the special structures needed for cell
division.
When interphase (G1, S, G2) is complete, the cell is ready to
begin the process of cell division.
Preparation for Cell Division - Interphase
Of the cell cycle, interphase accounts for 90% of the time.
The _______
nucleus is well defined and bounded by
nuclear membrane
the ________________.
Preparation for Cell Division - Interphase
centrioles
nuclear
membrane
chromosomes
Outside of the nucleus are
centrioles
two _________.
Their function is to organize
____________
microtubules into a _______.
spindle
The spindle will help separate
sister chromatids during
mitosis.
The centrioles will begin to move to ________
opposite sides of the
nucleus
_______ as spindle microtubules grow out of them.
(It should be noted that plant cells do not contain centrioles, but
still organize microtubules to form a spindle.)
Preparation for Cell Division - Interphase
G1 phase is a period of
intense biochemical activity.
size
The cell doubles in ____,
and the enzymes,
cytoplasmic organelles and
other molecules
double in number
________________.
The chromosomes have
duplicated during the _______
S phase
__________
and they appear as a jumbled
mass of fibers.
They have not yet condensed.
G2 Phase:
The cell assembles the
special structures needed
for cell division.
The events of mitosis are divided into four stages or phases:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Four Phases of Mitosis
Telophase
and
Cytokinesis
Stages of Mitosis – Early Prophase
Early Prophase:
a. The chromosomes coil and thicken and become distinct from
one another. The chromosomes are now visible.
Spindle composed
of microtubules
Sister chromatids
connected by
centromeres
Centrioles
disappears
b. The nucleolus __________.
c. The chromosomes are
doubled throughout their
_______
length.
chromatid
d. Each ____
half of the double chromosome is a _________.
e. The chromatids are connected by a centromere
__________.
f. The _________
centrioles separate and start moving to opposite ends of
spindle made of ____________
microtubules begins to form.
the cell. A _______
Stages of Mitosis – Late Prophase (Prometaphase)
Centrioles
Completed spindle
composed of microtubules
Fragmenting
nuclear membrane
Sister chromatids
Centrioles
Late Prophase (Prometaphase):
microtubules invade the
nuclear membrane fragments and the ____________
g. The __________________________
spindle is completely formed.
nuclear area. The _______
h. The spindle is a structure that will help to separate the
chromosomes.
During prophase the pairs of chromatids become attached to the
fibers of the spindle.
centrioles have moved to the opposite poles, forming the spindle
i. The _________
as they go.
Stages of Mitosis – Metaphase
Centrioles
Sister
chromatids
Spindle
Centrioles
Metaphase
a. The centrioles are
now at opposite
sides of the cell.
b. The spindle fibers will ____________
push and pull the
chromosomes.
c. The chromosomes ______
line up at the ______
center of the cell.
d. Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at
its centromere.
Stages of Mitosis – Anaphase
Microtubules shorten
Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to
opposite sides of the cell
Anaphase
chromatids are pulled to
a. The centromeres divide, and the ___________________
opposite sides of the cell.
shorten
b. The microtubules begin to _______.
chromatids apart to opposite sides of the cell.
This pulls the ________________
c. By the end of anaphase, the two sides of the cell have
equivalent and complete sets of chromosomes.
__________________________
Stages of Mitosis – Telophase
Nuclear membrane reforms
Cleavage furrow
Telophase
a. Nuclear membrane begins to form.
b. The spindle is disassembled
____________, and the
nucleolus becomes visible in each
_________
daughter cell.
pinch in
c. The cell begins to _______.
cleavage furrow
This is called the ______________.
Practice Identifying the Phases of Mitosis
“Real” cells viewed under a microscope look a bit different that the
above drawings. See if you can identify each of the following phases.
Anaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Practice Identifying the Phases of Mitosis
“Real” cells viewed under a microscope look a bit different that the
above drawings. See if you can identify each of the following phases.
Metaphase
Metaphase
Telophase
At the end of mitosis, two
nuclei have been formed.
Each nucleus has an
identical set of
chromosomes.
Cytokinesis is …
… the division of
the cytoplasm.
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis usually occurs at
the same time as telophase.
animal cells, a ______________
cleavage furrow pinches the cell
In ______
membrane inward until the cell is pinched into
________________.
two separate cells
Each new cell contains its own nucleus,
cytoplasm, and organelles.
In plants, it is not possible
for the cell to pinch inward
because of the rigid cell
wall.
C E L L P L AT E
In plants, a cell plate
forms midway between
the two nuclei.
The cell plate continues to
form across the cell until
two separate cells have
been formed.
Fun Fact:
About two trillion cells are
produced by an adult human
body every day. That’s 25
million cells per second!
The Importance of the Cell Division Process
1. Depending on the type
of cell, mitosis may
take from just a few
minutes to several days.
2. One mother cell has
divided to produce
two daughter cells.
3. The two daughter
cells are identical to
each other and
identical to the
mother cell.
Results of
Mitosis
• In unicellular plants
and animals, mitosis
results in new
offspring by asexual
reproduction.
Results of
Mitosis
• In multicellular
organisms, mitosis
results in the growth
and repair of the
organism.
Importance
of Mitosis
• The two new cells are
exact duplicates.
Importance
of Mitosis
• This process ensures
that the new cells will
be able to carry out
the same functions as
the mother cell.
Regulation of the Cell Cycle
The frequency of cell division varies with the type of cell.
Skin cells, cells of the digestive
tract, and cells in the bone marrow
that produce blood cells divide
frequently throughout our lives.
Liver cells maintain the ability to divide but only
_________
do so on ____________,
rare occasion say to repair a wound.
The most specialized cells,
such as muscle cells and nerve
cells, do not divide at all.
Controls on Cell Division
1. When cells come into
contact with other cells, they
_______
not growing
respond by ___________.
injury like a cut in
2. When an _____
the skin occurs, the cells at
the edge of the injury begin to
____________
divide rapidly to fill empty
spaces.
3. When the healing process
nears completion, the rate of
cell division __________.
slows down
Cell Cycle Regulators
There are many
proteins found on the
inside and the outside
of the cell that
regulate cell division.
traffic signals
These proteins act as “____________”
during the cell cycle.
These proteins can _____________
initiate or halt
phases of the cell cycle.
There are three main “checkpoints”
during the cell cycle.
Cell Cycle Regulators
G2 checkpoint
A “checkpoint” in the
cell cycle is a control
STOP
point where “_____”
G1 checkpoint and “___”
GO signals
regulate the cell
cycle.
Mitosis
checkpoint
The three major
checkpoints are
found in the …
… G1, G2, and M
phases.
Cell Cycle Regulators
G2
checkpoint
Mitosis
checkpoint
The G1 Checkpoint:
a. This checkpoint seems to be the
most important.
If the cell receives the “go”
signal at the G1 checkpoint, it
G1
checkpoint will usually complete the cell
cycle and divide.
b. If it does not receive the “go”
signal at this point, it will exit the
G0 cycle and go into a nondividing
state called the G0 phase.
c. Many cells of the human body are actually in the G0 phase.
For example, mature nerve cells and muscle cells ___________
never divide
G0 phase Other cells, such as liver cells, can
and remain in the ________.
be called back from the G0 phase and divide as needed.
Cell Cycle Regulators
G2
checkpoint
Mitosis
checkpoint
G1
checkpoint
G0
The G2 Checkpoint:
a. At this point, DNA
repair enzymes check
the results of DNA
replication.
b. If this checkpoint is
passed, proteins will
signal the cell to begin
mitosis
_______.
Mitosis Checkpoint:
exit mitosis and
a. If a cell passes this checkpoint, it will __________
enter the ________
G1 phase once again.
Uncontrolled Cell Growth
grow uncontrollably the
1. If the cells in a tissue _________________,
consequences may be severe.
2. Cancer cells _____________
do not respond to the signals that regulate the
growth of cells.
Cancer cells divide uncontrollably and form masses of cells
called tumors.
These tumors can damage the surrounding healthy tissues.
Uncontrolled Cell Growth
3. All cancers have one thing in common:
The protein regulators that control the cell cycle have failed
to do their job.
Meiosis
and
Sexual
Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by only
one parent.
Each parent passes ALL of its genes to the offspring.
Binary fission
Budding Hydra
Asexual Reproduction
Release of
millions of
fungal spores
Advantages of Asexual
Reproduction
a. It is faster.
b. Large numbers of
offspring are
produced.
c. The parent does not
have to find a mate.
Asexual Reproduction
Disadvantage of Asexual Reproduction
a. All of the offspring are ___________.
exactly alike
no variation in the offspring.
There is ___________
b. The ability to _____
adapt to a changing environment is greatly
reduced.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction
requires two parents.
Each parent passes on
HALF its genes to its
offspring.
Male and female parents are
required.
The male produces sperm,
and the female produces eggs.
Disadvantages:
a. The parent must find a mate.
b. Very few offspring are produced.
c. It takes longer.
Advantage of Sexual Reproduction:
All of the offspring are different.
Sexual reproduction always involves:
Gametes: Sex cells
Fertilization:
Union of sperm
and egg
Zygote: A fertilized egg
Cell Division and Chromosome Number
If an organism is the result of
sexual reproduction, it will have
______
two sets of chromosomes.
________
One set comes from the mother
______
and one set comes from the
father
______.
These two sets are called
homologous chromosomes
________________________.
two copies of each
Homologous chromosomes are the __________
chromosome one coming from the female parent and one
____________,
coming from the male parent.
Cell Division and Chromosome Number
For example: An adult fruit
fly has 8 chromosomes. Four
of these chromosomes come
from the female parent, and
four of the chromosomes
come from the male parent.
The two sets of chromosomes
homologous to one
are ___________
another.
carry the same genes but they
Homologous chromosomes ___________________,
expressions of the genes.
may have different ___________
Cell Division and Chromosome Number
A cell that contains ________
both sets
of homologous chromosomes
diploid
is said to be “______.”
Diploid means that there are
two of each kind of
chromosome in each cell.
The number of chromosomes
in a diploid cell is represented
by the symbol 2N.
Cell Division and Chromosome Number
In the fruit fly cell,
2N = 8
______.
“N” is the number of
different chromosomes
that an organism has.
In humans, 2N = 46.
Human cells contain 23 pairs of homologous
chromosomes.
Diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes.
Cell Division and Chromosome Number
Mitosis produces identical daughter cells.
If the mother cell is ______,
diploid two identical ___________________
diploid daughter cells
will be produced.
Chromosome Number in Gametes
gametes of sexually
The ________
reproducing organisms contain only
single set of chromosomes.
a _________
Gametes are said to be …
… “haploid” or 1N.
Egg and sperm cells must
half the number of
have ______________
chromosomes so that when
fertilization occurs, the
__________
zygote will have the proper
______
diploid number
_____________.
1N
+ 1N
= 2N
Chromosome Number in Gametes
The ____
cells that produce eggs and the ____
cells that produce
sperm, are ___________.
diploid or 2N
So how do the egg and sperm cells get to be 1N?
MEIOSIS!!
Meiosis is a process of
_______________
reduction
division in
which the number of
chromosomes per cell
reduced by half
is _____________
through the separation
_________
of homologous
chromosomes.
Meiosis occurs only in the
egg and sperm cells
production of __________________.
The purpose of meiosis is to
______
reduce the chromosome number in
the _____________
egg and sperm by half.
Meiosis, like mitosis, is preceded
by the replication
________________________.
of chromosomes
Unlike mitosis, this replication is
then followed by two divisions,
meiosis I and meiosis II
_____________________.
diploid cell will
In meiosis, one
_____________
divide to produce
four haploid gametes
___________________.
Phases of Meiosis
Interphase:
meiosis I each chromosome is _________.
replicated
Prior to ________,
It is similar to chromosome replication of mitosis.
sister chromatids are held together by a __________.
centromere
Two identical _______________
Phases of Meiosis
Prophase I:
Chromosomes shorten and thicken.
pairs with its corresponding
Each chromosome _____
______________________
homologous chromosome to form a ______.
tetrad
There are _______________________.
four chromatids in a tetrad
This pairing of homologous chromosomes does not occur in
mitosis.
Phases of Meiosis
Metaphase I:
Tetrads
line up at the center of the cell
________________________________.
Anaphase I:
tetrads break apart and the pairs move to
The _________________
opposite
sides of the cell.
____________
Sister chromatids ______________
remain attached at their centromeres.
Phases of Meiosis
Telophase I and Cytokinesis:
two cells
The cell separates into ________.
haploid (1N) daughter cells
Meiosis I results in two _______________________.
Each daughter cell has ____
half the number of chromosomes as
the original cell.
Sister chromatids ______________.
remain attached
**There is no replication of chromosomes by either cell before entering meiosis II.
Phases of Meiosis
**There is no replication of chromosomes by either cell before entering meiosis II.
Prophase II:
The
pairs of sister chromatids start toward the center.
_____________________________________________
Metaphase II:
________________________________________________
Pairs of sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell.
Phases of Meiosis
Anaphase II:
The
sister chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell.
_______________________________________________
Telophase II and Cytokinesis:
________________________________________
Meiosis II results in four haploid daughter cells.
Importance
of Meiosis
• One (2N) cell has
divided to produce
four (1N) sex cells.
Importance
of Meiosis
• The chromosome
number of the egg and
sperm is reduced by half
to ensure that the zygote
will have the proper
number of chromosomes.
“Crossing Over” During Meiosis
tetrad
1. During prophase I, each ________________
pair of chromatids lines up next to its
homologue
__________.
2. This pairing of homologous chromosomes produces _______.
tetrads
four chromatids
3. A tetrad consists of ______________.
4. It is possible for the chromatids within a homologous pair to
_____
twist around one another.
break off and attach to
Portions of the chromatids may ________
adjacent chromatids.
crossing over
5. This process is called “____________.”
“Crossing Over” During Meiosis
6. “Crossing over” is the exchange of genetic information
(genes) between segments of homologous chromosomes
during meiosis.
7. The result is that the offspring will receive a new
combination of genetic information.
This leads to variation in the offspring.
Variation leads
to …
… adaptation
and change.
These variations may cause some of the offspring to be better
suited to their environment.
If they are better suited for their environment, it is more likely that
they will survive to reproductive age and pass these favorable
variations on to their offspring.
If the result of crossing over causes the offspring to be
_________
less suited for its environment, it may __________.
not survive
Or, if the offspring does survive, it may not be
reproductively competitive
_______________________.
secure a mate
This means that it may not be able to ____________.
These “___________”
unfavorable genes are not likely to be
passed on to the offspring.
Crossing over leads to evolution.
Gamete Formation
Meiosis produces four haploid
cells that are different.
In males, meiosis results in
four sperm cells.
Gamete Formation
In females, four cells
are produced, but
only one will become
a functional egg cell.
All of the cytoplasm
and all of the
organelles are put
into one egg cell.
The other three cells
will never be
functional.
Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis occurs in all
cells of the body except
egg and sperm.
Meiosis only occurs in
the formation of egg
and sperm.
Mitosis
Meiosis
In meiosis, each diploid cell divides twice to
produce a total of 4 cells.
In mitosis each diploid
cell divides once to form
2 cells.
Mitosis
Meiosis
In meiosis, each of the
four cells contains half the
number of chromosomes
as the parent cell.
In mitosis, each new cell
contains the same number
of chromosomes as the
original cell.
Mitosis
In mitosis, the homologous pairs
do not come together to form
tetrads.
In meiosis, the homologous pairs
do come together to form tetrads.
While the chromosomes are in
tetrads, crossing over may occur.
There will be no crossing over in
mitosis.
Meiosis
Mitosis
Meiosis
In meiosis, the four
haploid cells contain
different combinations
of chromosomes from
each other.
In mitosis, the new
cells contain identical
copies.
Created by Amy Brown
Copyright © Amy Brown Science
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ClipArt Credits:
Studio Devanna, The Painted Crow, Sarah Pecorino
Illustration, Tangstar Science, Deposit Photo, Adobe Photo