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Natural Disasters
The nature of Natural
Disasters
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A natural disaster is a major adverse event
resulting from natural processes of the Earth.
A natural disaster can cause loss of life or
property damage, and typically leaves some
economic damage in its wake, the severity of
which depends on the affected population's
resilience, or ability to recover.
The Classificaiton of Natural
disasters
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1 Geological disasters
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Avalanches and mudslides, Earthquakes,Sinkholes,Volcanic
eruptions
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2 Hydrological disasters
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Floods, Limnic eruptions,Tsunami
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3 Meteorological disasters
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Blizzards,Cyclonic,storms,Droughts,Hailstorms, Heat
waves,Tornadoes
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4 Wildfires
5 Health disasters: Epidemics
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Effects of Natural disasters
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Death
Damage to property
Disease
Food shortages/water
shortage=malnutrition/dehydration
Homelessness
Population movement/migration
Economic impact
Destruction of infrastructure
Six types of Natural disasters
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Earthquake
Volcano eruption
Typhoon
Forest fire
Tsunami
Plague
Volcano eruption
The Word Volcano
The word volcano comes from the Roman
god of fire, Vulcan.
Volcano Hazards
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羊
八
井
地
热
站
Volcano benefits
火
山
温
泉
熔岩中的气体嗝
黑曜石、浮石
Volcano in universe
珠穆朗玛峰和Olympus Mons规模比较
Earthquake
How Harmful Earthquake is?
2008 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake
• magnitude 8.0
• More than 69000
died
• 18000 disappeared
• Direct economy lost:
845 billion
2011 3.14 Japan Earthquake
•
•
•
•
magnitude 9.0
More than 14,000 died
10,000 disappeared
More than 11,000
become homeless
• Nuclear leak(核泄漏)
Basic Knowledge about Earthquake
• Earthquake：result of a sudden release of energy in
the Earth Crust(地壳) that creates seismic waves(地震波).
• Measured by energy it released, Richter magnitude scale
（里氏地震级）.
Scale
phenomenon
frequency
Under 3.0
No feeling
1000 per day
3.0-5.0
Felt, building shake,
More than
no big damage
5,0000 times per
year
5.0-6.9
damage within 100
km2 area, some
building collapsed.
100 times per year
Above 7.0
serious damage
over 1000km2
area, lots of
building fall down
1 time per year
Effects of Earthquake
Shaking and ground rupture
Landslides and avalanches（山体滑坡、雪崩）
Fires
Soil liquefaction（地陷）
Tsunami（海啸）
Floods
Earthquake safety tips
• If you are indoors：stay there. Quickly move to a
safe location in the room such as under a strong
desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall.
• If you are cooking： turn off the stove and take
cover.
• If you are outdoors：move to an open area
• If you are driving：slow down smoothly and stop
on the side of the road
Typhone
Typhoon
The Name of "Typhoon"
• Typhoon is from Greek word
τύφειν (typhein), meaning "to
smoke".
• In Greek mythology,typhein is
Gaia's son, which is a Monster
with one hundred heads.
τύφειν
Different calls
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•
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There are many calls of “Typhoon” in
different places.
Western North Pacific and South China Sea
called "Typhoon ".
Western Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and
the eastern North Pacific called "Hurricanes"
Indian Ocean "Cyclone ".
Philippines called "Baguio".
Australian aborigines called the typhoon "WillyWilly".
The Destruction from Typhoon
The Destruction from Typhoon
• Cause waterlogging and flooding
• Traffic gridlock
• Inundated farmland, grain reduction in
production or crops
• Destruction of the power supply system,
resulting in power outages
• Destruction of urban green system
Name
10 typhoon names presented by the Chinese:
Dragon King, ( Sun) monkey, rabbit, petrels, Aeolus, Poseidon,
Rhododendron, electric mother, hippocampus ,begonia.
龙王、（孙）悟空、玉兔、海燕、风神、海神、杜鹃、电
母、海马、海棠
These names show few disaster meanings.On the contrast,most
of then are with meaning of civilization and peace, such as
jasmine, rose, pearls, lotus, clouds and so on.
When the typhoon makes serious damage in some areas, the
country or region can present a new name instead.
Forest Fire
Forest Fire
Types of forest fire
surface fire
(地表火)
canopy fire
(林冠火)
subsurface fire
(地下火)
Factors coexist in forest fire
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combustibles
organic material
(可燃物 )
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ignition sources
(火源 )
natural
man-made
lightning fire
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oxygen
not less than 18%
volcanic eruption
Related factors
weather
high temperature
continuous drought
strong winds
terrains
(地形)
sunny slope(阳坡)
steep hill（陡坡）
forest land（林地）
Regularity of outbreak
periodical
（周期性）
annual（dry years）
seasonal (winter)
daily (midday )
Influence and prevention
air environment
ecological system
social stability
monitoring technology
satellite remote sensing
man’s consciousness
Tsunami
Tsunami
• What is “tsunami”?
The great waves
• “tsunami” is a series of
traveling ocean waves of
extremely long length
generated by earthquakes
occurring blow or near the
ocean , submarine
landslides and eruptions.
Damage
• A Pacific-wide
tsunami generated
by the 1960 Chile
Earthquake .
• The Great Alaskan
Earthquake of 1964
produced deadly
tsunami waves in
Alaska, Oregon and
California.
• in 1992 and 1993 over 2,000 people were
killed by tsunamis occurring in Nicaragua,
Indonesia and Japan.
• 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamithe, killing
around 230,000 people.
What Cause Tsunamis?
• earthquakes
• submarine landslides
• submarine volcanic
eruptions
• a large meteorite（陨石）
impact in the ocean
• underwater volcanic
eruption and landslides
What You Should Do?
• Follow the advice of teachers and other
school personnel.(in school)
• Move in the evacuation site or to any safe
place . Follow the advice of local
emergency and law enforcement
authorities.(at home)
• Move immediately to higher ground. DO
NOT wait for a tsunami warning to be
announced. (at the beach or near the
ocean)
Tips
• Should not let this natural hazard diminish
your enjoyment of the beach and ocean.
Plague
Plague(瘟疫)
is an epidemic (传染病）of infectious disease that is
spreading through human popula-tions across a
large region; for instance multiple continents , or
even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease
that is stable in terms of how many people are
getting sick from it is not a pandemic.
The emergence of the epidemic shall meet
the following conditions:
1. A new pathogen appears in the crowd.
2.The pathogen cause infection and serious
medical problems.
3.The pathogens is Infectious, particularly among
humans.
Pandemics and notable epidemics through history
1、Plague of Athens
430 BC. Typhoid fever killed a quarter of the Athenian
troops, and a quarter of the population over four years.
2、Plague of Justinian
from 541 to 750, was the first recorded outbreak of the
bubonic plague. It caused Europe's population to drop by
around 50% between 550 and 700 million.
3、Black Death
started 14th century. The total number of deaths worldwide
is estimated at 75 million people. It was the first of a cycle
of European plague epidemics that continued until the 18th
century.
4、Smallpox
The disease killed an estimated 40 million Euro-peans per
year during the closing years of the 18th century. During
the 20th century, it is estimated that smallpox was
responsible for 300–500 million deaths.
4、Smallpox
The disease killed an estimated 40 million Euro-peans per
year during the closing years of the 18th century. During
the 20th century, it is estimated that smallpox was
responsible for 300–500 million deaths.
Current pandemics
HIV and AIDS
HIV ,the virus that causes
AIDS, is currently a
pandemic.
It spread to the United
States and much of the rest
of the world beginning
around 1969.
SARS
(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
Between November
2002 and July 2003 an
outbreak of SARS in
Hong Kong nearly
became a pandemic. And
within weeks SARS
spread from Hong Kong
to infect individuals in 37
countries in early 2003.
Influenza
The first influenza
pandemic was recorded in
1580 and since then
influenza pandemics
occurred every 10 to 30
years. The "Hong Kong Flu",
1968–69. An H3N2 caused
about one million people
worldwide. Influenza A
(H3N2) viruses still circulate
today.
What can we do with the plague?
The cause of the civilization appeared are the same as
the infectious diseases, such as population increase,
setting down, engaged in agriculture and animal
husbandry, etc, and the plague is a unavoidable
consequences of the wave of civilization in globalization
trend.
Prevention measures
1.Environmental sanitation.
2.Educating the public on ways to
preventplague exposures.
3.Preventive antibiotic therapy.
Self-Assessment
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1.主题的理解：有关自然灾害的的理解，某个特定自然灾害的
成因，影响以及应对措施。
2.视听理解：影片的背景介绍，视频中存在的重点、难点和文
化知识点
3.话题讨论：人与自然的关系，
1）what would you do in the event of natural disasters(fire,
earthquake)
4.影视配音和录制微课：三个视频片段
5. 撰写影评：某个自然灾害的应对
6.自主学习笔记：BBC 纪录片 4个中的语言表达和文化点。
Assignment
1.Discussion:Discribe one type of
natural disasters from its nature,
cause, effects and counter-measure,
etc, then present an example of this
type of natural disaster. (oral then
written form)
 2.Debate:How could human deal with
nature. eg. could nature be conquered
or not?
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