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Minerals ESRT p.16 All rocks are made of minerals. Most rocks have a number of minerals in common Hydrochloric Acid Test (Calcite: solid or Dolomite:powdered) Internal Arrangement of Atoms (Cleavage/Crystal shape) Minerals: are identified on the basis of the physical and chemical properties. Streak: Color Hardness: glass plate (level 5.5) Cleavage: breakage patter Fracture: no pattern Luster: Metallic /Non Composition: Elements Sedimentary ESRT p.7 Igneous ESRT p. 6 Intergrown or Interlocking Crystals Melting and Solidification Solidification of molten materials Large Coarse grain crystals:long period of cooling time, slow cooling rate. Small Fine grain crystals: short period of cooling time, fast cooling rate. Felsic- Al & Si / Mafic- Fe & Mg Mineral Composition Polymineralic (many minerals) Active volcanoes Intrusive (magma) large crystals Extrusive (lava) small crystals/glassy Vesicular (gas pockets) Shell shaped fracture Texture based on environment **Rocks are Classified based on their ORIGIN. Compaction and Cementation Precipitates and evaporates Erosion of sediments, deposition, compaction and cementation. Shallow evaporating seas Precipitation of minerals from evaporating water Precipitation from sea water Shells of marine animals (limestone) Clay, Silt, Sand size particles Fragmental particles arranged in layers Composed of sediments Contain a cementing agent FOSSILS Clastic texture of mixed grain size Grain size LAYERS Metamorphic ESRT pg. 7 Heat and Pressure Recrystallization of unmelted material Banding/ Bands of minerals Distortion Contact Metamorphism ( contact with lava or magma) Regional Metamorphism (mountain building/ tectonic movement) Increased Density Classified by composition and structure