Download Rock and Mineral Study Sheet

Minerals ESRT p.16
 All rocks are made of minerals.
 Most rocks have a number of minerals in common
 Hydrochloric Acid Test (Calcite: solid or Dolomite:powdered)
 Internal Arrangement of Atoms (Cleavage/Crystal shape)
 Minerals: are identified on the basis of the
physical and chemical properties.
 Streak: Color
 Hardness: glass plate (level 5.5)
 Cleavage: breakage patter Fracture: no pattern
 Luster: Metallic /Non
 Composition: Elements
Sedimentary ESRT p.7















Igneous ESRT p. 6











Intergrown or Interlocking Crystals
Melting and Solidification
Solidification of molten materials
Large Coarse grain crystals:long period of cooling time, slow cooling rate.
Small Fine grain crystals: short period of cooling time, fast cooling rate.
Felsic- Al & Si / Mafic- Fe & Mg
Mineral Composition
Polymineralic (many minerals)
Active volcanoes
Intrusive (magma) large crystals
Extrusive (lava) small crystals/glassy
 Vesicular (gas pockets)
 Shell shaped fracture
 Texture based on environment

**Rocks are Classified based on their ORIGIN.
Compaction and Cementation
Precipitates and evaporates
Erosion of sediments, deposition, compaction and cementation.
Shallow evaporating seas
Precipitation of minerals from evaporating water
Precipitation from sea water
Shells of marine animals (limestone)
Clay, Silt, Sand size particles
Fragmental particles arranged in layers
Composed of sediments
Contain a cementing agent
FOSSILS
Clastic texture of mixed grain size
Grain size
LAYERS
Metamorphic ESRT pg. 7








Heat and Pressure
Recrystallization of unmelted material
Banding/ Bands of minerals
Distortion
Contact Metamorphism ( contact with lava or magma)
Regional Metamorphism (mountain building/ tectonic movement)
Increased Density
Classified by composition and structure