Download Honors Chemistry Chapter 8 Test Review Answer Key

Chapter 8 Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
__A__ 1. In a chemical reaction
a. the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.
b. the mass of the products is greater than the mass of reactants.
c. the number of atoms in the reactants and products must change.
d. energy as heat must be added to the reactants.
__C__ 2. In writing a chemical equation that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of hydrogen gas is
a. H.
c. H2.
b. 2H.
d. OH.
__D__ 3. What is the small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation?
a. a subscript
c. a ratio
b. a superscript
d. a coefficient
__A__ 4. To balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the
a. coefficients.
c. formulas of the products.
b. subscripts.
d. number of products.
___D_ 5. According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reacting substances is
a. always more than the total mass of the products.
b. always less than the total mass of the products.
c. sometimes more and sometimes less than the total mass of the products.
d. always equal to the total mass of the products.
__A__ 6. A chemical equation is balanced when the
a. coefficients of the reactants equal the coefficients of the products.
b. same number of each kind of atom appears in the reactants and in the products.
c. products and reactants are the same chemicals.
d. subscripts of the reactants equal the subscripts of the products.
__B__ 7. In the word equation, sodium oxide + water  sodium hydroxide, the formula for
sodium hydroxide is represented by
a. Na2OH.
c. NaO2.
b. NaOH.
d. Na2O.
___B_ 8. Which word equation represents the reaction that produces water from hydrogen and oxygen?
a. Water is produced from hydrogen and oxygen.
b. Hydrogen plus oxygen yields water.
c. H2 + O2  water.
d. Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen.
__C__ 9. How would oxygen be represented in the formula equation for the reaction of methane and oxygen to yield
carbon dioxide and water?
a. oxygen
c. O2
b. O
d. O3
__B__ 10. Which of the following is a formula equation for the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen?
a. Carbon plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide. c. CO2  C + O2
b. C + O2  CO2
d. 2C + O  CO2
__C__ 11. In the chemical equation 2Mg(s) + O2(g) ? 2MgO(s),
a. Mg represents the product magnesium.
c. Mg represents the reagent magnesium.
b. the reaction yields magnesium.
d. O2 represents the product oxygen gas.
__D__ 12. When the equation Fe3O4 + Al  Al2O3 + Fe is correctly balanced, what is the coefficient of Fe?
a. 3
c. 6
b. 4
d. 9
__B__ 13. Which coefficients correctly balance the formula equation
NH4NO2(s) N2(g) + H2O(l)?
a. 1, 2, 2
c. 2, 1, 1
b. 1, 1, 2
d. 2, 2, 2
__D__ 14. Which coefficients correctly balance the formula equation CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2?
a. 2, 1, 2
c. 1, 2, 1
b. 1, 2, 3
d. 1, 1, 1
__C__ 15. The complete balanced equation for the reaction between zinc hydroxide and acetic acid is
a. ZnOH + CH3COOH  ZnCH3COO + H2O.
b. Zn(OH)2 + CH3COOH  Zn + 2CO2 +3H2O.
c. Zn(OH)2 + 2CH3COOH  Zn(CH3COO)2 + 2H2O.
d. Zn(OH)2 + 2CH3COOH  Zn(CH3COO)2 + H2 + O2.
__B__ 16. What is the balanced equation for the combustion of sulfur?
a. S(s) + O2(g)  SO(g)
b. S(s) + O2(g)  SO2(g)
c. 2S(s) + 3O2(g)  SO3(s)
d. S(s) + 2O2(g)  SO42–(aq)
__D__ 17. Which equation is not balanced?
a. 2H2 + O2  2H2O
b. 4H2 + 2O2  4H2O
c. H2 + H2 + O2  H2O + H2O
d. 2H2 + O2  H2O
__D__ 18. In what kind of reaction do two or more substances combine to form a new compound?
a. decomposition reaction
c. double-displacement reaction
b. ionic reaction
d. synthesis reaction
___B_ 19. The equation AX  A + X is the general equation for a
a. synthesis reaction.
c. combustion reaction.
b. decomposition reaction.
d. single-displacement reaction.
__A__ 20. In what kind of reaction does one element replace a similar element in a compound?
a. displacement reaction
c. decomposition reaction
b. combustion
d. ionic reaction
____C 21. The equation A + X  AX is the general equation for a(n)
a. combustion reaction.
c. synthesis reaction.
b. ionic reaction.
d. double-displacement reaction.
__A__ 22. In what kind of reaction does a single compound produce two or more simpler substances?
a. decomposition reaction
c. single-displacement reaction
b. synthesis reaction
d. ionic reaction
___C_ 23. The equation A + BX  AX + B is the general equation for a
a. double-displacement reaction.
c. single-displacement reaction.
b. decomposition reaction.
d. combustion reaction.
__B__ 24. In what kind of reaction do the ions of two compounds exchange places in aqueous solution to form two new
compounds?
a. synthesis reaction
c. decomposition reaction
b. double-displacement reaction
d. combustion reaction
__C__ 25. The reaction represented by the equation Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)  H2(g) + MgCl2(aq) is a
a. composition reaction.
c. single-displacement reaction.
b. decomposition reaction.
d. double-displacement reaction.
_D___ 26. The reaction represented by the equation 2HgO(s)  2Hg(l) + O2(g) is a(n)
a. single-displacement reaction.
c. combustion reaction.
b. synthesis reaction.
d. decomposition reaction.
_B___ 27. The reaction represented by the equation 2KClO3(s)  2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) is a(n)
a. synthesis reaction.
c. combustion reaction.
b. decomposition reaction.
d. ionic reaction.
__B__ 28. In one type of synthesis reaction, an element combines with oxygen to yield a(n)
a. acid.
c. oxide.
b. hydroxide.
d. metal.
__A__ 29. The decomposition of a substance by an electric current is called
a. electrolysis.
c. ionization.
b. conduction.
d. transformation.
__C__ 30. In the equation 2Al(s) + 3Fe(NO3)2(aq)  3Fe(s) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq), iron has been replaced by
a. nitrate.
c. aluminum.
b. water.
d. nitrogen.
__B__ 31. The replacement of bromine by chlorine in a salt is an example of a single-displacement reaction by
a. halogens.
c. water.
b. sodium.
d. electrolysis.
__C__ 32. In a double-displacement reaction, hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide react to produce sodium
chloride. Another product is
a. sodium hydride.
c. water.
b. potassium chloride.
d. hydrogen gas.
__A/C__33.
When potassium reacts with water, one product formed is
a. hydrogen gas.
c. potassium oxide.
b. oxygen gas.
d. salt.
_B___ 34. The reaction of calcium oxide, CaO, with water yields
a. calcium and oxygen gas.
c. calcium and a salt.
b. calcium hydroxide.
d. carbon dioxide and water.
__A__ 35. Predict the product of the reaction represented by the following equation:
MgO + CO2 
a. MgCO3
c. MgC + O3
b. Mg + CO3
d. MgCO2 + O
__A__ 36. Magnesium hydroxide decomposes to yield magnesium oxide and
a. hydrogen.
c. water.
b. oxygen.
d. salt.
__D__ 37. When sodium chlorate, NaClO3, decomposes, the products are
a. sodium hydroxide and water.
c. sodium and chlorine oxide.
b. sodium oxide and chlorine.
d. sodium chloride and oxygen.
__A__ 38. The formulas for the products of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid are
a. Na2SO4 and H2O.
c. SI4 and Na2O.
b. NaSO4 and H2O.
d. S + O2 and Na.
__B__ 39. What is the balanced equation when aluminum reacts with copper(II) sulfate?
a. Al + Cu2S  Al2S + Cu
b. 2Al + 3CuSO4  Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu
c. Al + CuSO4  AlSO4 + Cu
d. 2Al + Cu2SO4  Al2SO4 + 2Cu
___B_ 40. The ability of an element to react is the element's
a. valence.
c. stability.
b. activity.
d. electronegativity.
__C__ 41. What is the name of a list of elements arranged according to the ease with which they undergo certain
chemical reactions?
a. reactivity list
c. activity series
b. reaction sequence
d. periodic list
__B__ 42. An element in the activity series can replace any element
a. in the periodic table.
c. above it on the list.
b. below it on the list.
d. in its group.
__A__ 43. What can be predicted by using an activity series?
a. whether a certain chemical reaction will occur
b. the amount of energy released by a chemical reaction
c. the electronegativity values of elements
d. the melting points of elements
___C_ 44. If metal X is lower than metal Y in the activity series, then metal X
a. replaces ions of metal Y in a solution.
b. loses electrons more readily than does metal Y.
c. loses electrons less readily than does metal Y.
d. forms positive ions more readily than does metal Y.
__D__ 45. Predict what happens when lead is added to nitric acid.
a. No reaction occurs.
c. Lead oxide forms.
b. Oxygen is released.
d. Hydrogen is released.
___A_ 46. Predict what happens when nickel is added to a solution of potassium chloride.
a. No reaction occurs.
c. Potassium nickel chloride forms.
b. Nickel chloride forms.
d. Hydrochloric acid forms.
__D__ 47. Magnesium bromide (aq) + chlorine (g) yields
a. Mg(s) and BrCl(aq).
c. MgBrCl(aq).
b. MgCl(aq) and Br2(l).
d. MgCl2(aq) and Br2(l).
_A___ 48. Which reaction does not occur?
a. 2HF(aq) + Cl2(g)  F2(g) + 2HCl(aq)
b. 2Na(s) + ZnF2(aq)  2NaF(aq) + Zn(s)
c. Fe(s) + CuCl2(aq)  FeCl2(aq) + Cu(s)
d. 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s)  MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
___C_ 49. Which reaction can be predicted from the activity series?
a. 2Cl(g)  Cl2(g)
b. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
c. 2H2O(aq) + 2Na(s)  2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
d. Cl2(g)  2Cl(g)
Completion
Complete each statement.
50. In writing a formula equation for a reaction that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of
hydrogen gas is ___________H2_________.
51. In the chemical equation 2AlCl3(aq) + 3Pb(NO3)2 (aq)  3PbCl2(s) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq),
the state of PbCl2 is a(n) _______Solid_____________.
52. In the chemical reaction represented by the equation 2Cr(s) + 3O2(g)  2CrO3(s), two chromium atoms
combine with _____________6_______ oxygen atoms.
53. When the formula equation CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s)  Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + Cu(s) is correctly balanced, the coefficient
of CuSO4(aq) is _____________3_______.
54. The reaction represented by the equation 2HgO(s)  2Hg(l) + O2(g) is classified as a(n)
_______decomposition_____________ reaction.
55. The reaction represented by the equation Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)  H2(g) + MgCl2(aq) is classified as a(n)
____single replacement________________ reaction.
Short Answer
56. Use a word equation to describe the chemical reaction that takes place when an iron can rust.
Iron plus Oxide yields (produces) Iron Oxide
57. Consider the reaction represented by the equation 4CuO(s) + CH4(g)
4Cu(s) + CO2(g) + 2H2O(g).
Describe this reaction in terms of states of matter and the conditions required for the reaction to happen.
4 moles of solid Copper (II) Oxide plus 1 mole Methane gas produce by use of a catalyst 4 moles of
solid Copper plus 1 mole of Carbon Dioxide gas plus 2 moles of Dihydrogen Monoxide gas
58. When balancing a chemical equation, why must the formula subscripts remain unchanged?
Because those are the charges and charges can not change.
59. Consider the reaction represented by the equation 2Al(s) + 3ZnCl2(aq) ?. Briefly explain how the activity
series is used to predict the outcome and products of the reaction.
Aluminum is more reactive than zinc.
Problem
60. Write a balanced chemical equation for the following reaction: iron plus copper(I) nitrate yields iron(II)
nitrate plus copper.
Fe + 2CuNO3  Fe(NO3)2 + 2Cu
61. Write a balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of liquid phosphorus trichloride, PCl3, from white
phosphorus, P4, and chlorine gas.
P4 + 6 Cl2  PCl3
62. Tell what type of chemical reaction is represented by the following formula equation. Then balance the
equation.
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)
combustion
3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
63. Tell what type of chemical reaction is represented by the following formula equation. Then balance the
equation.
2Ga(s) + 3S(s)
Ga2S3(s)
Synthesis
64. Tell what type of chemical reaction is represented by the following formula equation. Then balance the
equation.
2KBr(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)
2KOH(aq) + MgBr2(aq)
Double Replacement
65. Use the activity series to determine if the following reaction is possible. If it is possible, write the products
and balance the equation. If not, explain.
4Cr(s) + 3O2(g)
Cr2O3
Synthesis
66. Use the activity series to determine if the following reaction is possible. If it is possible, write the products
and balance the equation. If not, explain.
2Sb + 6HCl
Not possible. Antimony is lower than Hydrogen
67. Use the activity series to determine if the following reaction is possible. If it is possible, write the products
and balance the equation. If not, explain.
2K(s) + ZnCl2(aq)
Zn + 2KCl
Chapter 8 Review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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DIF: I
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DIF: I
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DIF: I
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DIF: I
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DIF: II
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DIF: II
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DIF: II
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DIF: II
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DIF: III
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DIF: III
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DIF: III
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DIF: III
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DIF: III
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DIF: III
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PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
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PTS: 1
DIF: I
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DIF: II
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DIF: I
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DIF: II
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DIF: III
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DIF: III
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51. ANS: solid
DIF: I
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DIF: I
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DIF: I
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DIF: II
54. ANS: decomposition
REF: 2
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DIF: II
55. ANS: displacement
REF: 3
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COMPLETION
50. ANS: H2(g)
PTS: 1
DIF: II
SHORT ANSWER
56. ANS:
iron + oxygen  iron(III) oxide (rust)
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
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57. ANS:
Solid CuO and gaseous CH4 are combined and heated. The products are solid copper, carbon dioxide gas, and
water vapor.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
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58. ANS:
Changing the subscript in a formula changes the chemical composition of the compound.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
59. ANS:
In the activity series, aluminum is more active than zinc. Aluminum will replace zinc forming aluminum
chloride and leaving zinc metal.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
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PROBLEM
60. ANS:
Fe(s) + 2CuNO3(aq)  Fe(NO3)2(aq) + 2Cu(s)
PTS: 1
DIF: II
61. ANS:
P4(s) + 6Cl2(g)  4PCl3(l)
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
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REF: 2
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DIF: II
combustion, C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)
PTS: 1
63. ANS:
3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
DIF: III
synthesis, 2Ga(s) + 3S(s)
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
Ga2S3(s)
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
64. ANS:
double-displacement, 2KBr(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)
2KOH(aq) + MgBr2(aq)
PTS: 1
DIF: III
65. ANS:
reaction will occur, 4Cr(s) + 3O2(g)
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
2Cr2O3(s)
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
66. ANS:
no reaction; Antimony is not highly active and will not replace hydrogen in an acid.
PTS: 1
DIF: III
67. ANS:
reaction will occur, 2K(s) + ZnCl2(aq)
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
2KCl(aq) + Zn(s)
REF: 3
OBJ: 2