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AIDS-Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
Lecturer: Adelheid Cerwenka, PhD, D080, Innate Immunity
Sources: Janeway: Immunobiology, 5th edition
AIDS
Definition:
AIDS is the end-stage
disease caused by infection
with the
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
First recognized in 1981
AIDS-Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
• General mechanisms for recognition of viruses
by the immune system
• Groupwork
• History of AIDS, Epidemiology
• Structure of HIV
• The Immune system and HIV
• AIDS and other diseases (Karposi Sarcoma)
• Treatment of AIDS
• Perspectives
The course of a typical acute infection
The time-course of infection of normal and immunodeficient mice and humans
Innate immune response
A.) Direct recognition and
elimination of
virus infected cells
B.) Cross-talk with adaptive
immunity
Virus infected cell
Cell-cell contact
Natural Killers
Macrophages
T cells
Dendritic Cells
Cytokines
Immune response to invading viruses
History
• Since 1981 the syndrome known
• Los Angeles: 5 people in hospital with
Pneumocystis Pneumonia.
• 1983 Virus identified HIV-1 (NIH: Robert
Gallo, Luc Montagnier, Pasteur), HIV-2
Group work
1.) How many people in the world are infected with HIV?
2.) In which part of the world is the highest incidence?
3.) How does transmission of HIV take place?
4.) What goes wrong with the immune system?
5.) Ideas for prevention and cure?
HIV Infection is spreading over all continents
16 mio died
3.4 mio people alive
with AIDS
Sahara Africa: 7% inf
Botswana: 30% inf
6 mio newly infected
16 000 newly each day
Course of inf:
10% 2-3 years AIDS
80% progress in 10 years
Routes of transmission/risk groups
Hemophiliac
Intravenous drug abusers
Homosexuals
Heterosexuals
Babies of infected mothers
Routes of transmission/risk groups
Most HIV Infected people progress over a period of time
Typical course of untreated infection with HIV
The virion of HIV
2 strains of HIV-1
Coreceptors for HIV
• CCR5: (ligands RANTES, MIP1a, MIP1b):
DC, Macrophages
• CXCR4 (SDF-1): activ. T cells
• DC-Sign (possibly traps virus before
encounter of susceptible cells)
The infection of CD4 T cells with AIDS
Genes and proteins of HIV
Only activated cells become infected
The immuneresponse to HIV
Immune response against HIV
• Problems: virus mutates, virus is hiding
in storage sited (in mucosa, brain).
• CD4 T cells: help is missing
• CD8 T cells: Good in the beginning,
later they can’t see the mutated virus,
• B cells: good, but Ab is directed against
the initial virus
Organs affected with AIDS-lymphoid tissue
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Lymphoid tissue
Nervous system
Gastrointestinal tract
Cancer: Karposi Sarcoma