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Major Groups of Fossils Found in Cretaceous Carbonate Formations in Texas SEA URCHINS, STARFISH, etc. Echinoids (means “spiny’) Sea biscuits or Sea urchins AMMONITES, SQUID, etc. Cephalapods (means “head foot’) Ammonites (fossil only), Chambered Nautilus, Squid, Octopus Normal Marine Salinity Slightly Tolerant of Salinity Deviations ALGAE, Calcareous Green Algae Aquatic plants with calcareous skeletons Porocystis, an algal fruiting-body Extremely Tolerant of Salinity Deviations SNAILS Gastropods (means “stomach foot’) Sea snails, preserved as internal molds BIVALVES Pelecypods Nerinia (means “hatchet foot’) Clams, Oysters Rudistids (fossil only) - Toucasia, Monopleura