Download Unit 4: S-Parameters and Linear Analysis

Table of Contents
Unit i: Introduction & Overview
Introductions ..................................................................................................................... i-2
Facilities ............................................................................................................................ i-3
Workshop Goal ................................................................................................................. i-4
Target Audience ................................................................................................................ i-5
Agenda: Day 1................................................................................................................... i-6
Workshop Objectives: Day 1 ............................................................................................ i-7
Agenda: Day 2................................................................................................................... i-8
Workshop Objectives: Day 2 ............................................................................................ i-9
Icons Used In This Workshop ......................................................................................... i-10
Unit 1: Introduction
Unit Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1-2
HSPICE Fundamentals .................................................................................................... 1-3
Files and Suffixes ............................................................................................................. 1-4
Starting HSPICE .............................................................................................................. 1-5
Netlist Structure ............................................................................................................... 1-6
Netlist Structure: Overview ............................................................................................. 1-7
Netlist Structure: Topology.............................................................................................. 1-8
Node Naming Conventions (1/2) ..................................................................................... 1-9
Node Naming Conventions (2/2) ................................................................................... 1-10
Element Naming Conventions ....................................................................................... 1-11
Units and Scale Factors .................................................................................................. 1-12
.MEASURE ................................................................................................................... 1-13
.MEASURE: Rise/Fall (1/2) ......................................................................................... 1-14
.MEASURE: Rise/Fall (2/2) ......................................................................................... 1-15
.MEASURE: AVG, RMS, MIN, MAX, PP (1/2) .......................................................... 1-16
.MEASURE: AVG, RMS, MIN, MAX, PP (2/2) .......................................................... 1-17
.MEASURE: FIND-WHEN ........................................................................................... 1-18
.MEASURE: FIND-WHEN Examples .......................................................................... 1-19
.MEASURE: Equation Evaluation................................................................................. 1-20
.MEASURE: Derivative Function ................................................................................. 1-21
.MEASURE: Integral Function ...................................................................................... 1-22
.ALTER: Description ..................................................................................................... 1-23
.ALTER: Limitations ..................................................................................................... 1-24
.ALTER Rules (1/2) ....................................................................................................... 1-25
.ALTER Rules (2/2) ....................................................................................................... 1-26
.ALTER: Example ......................................................................................................... 1-27
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface Basics................................................................. 1-28
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface ............................................................................ 1-29
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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Project Management ....................................... 1-30
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Project Management ....................................... 1-31
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Setup ............................................................... 1-32
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Netlist & Simulation....................................... 1-33
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Netlist & Simulation....................................... 1-34
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – HSPICE Setup ................................................ 1-35
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – HSPICE Setup ................................................ 1-36
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Run ................................................................. 1-37
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Run ................................................................. 1-38
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface - Output ............................................................. 1-39
Discovery AMS Simulation Interface - Simulation ....................................................... 1-40
Invoking CosmosScope.................................................................................................. 1-41
CosmosScope Basics ..................................................................................................... 1-42
CosmosScope Pulldown Menu Bar ............................................................................... 1-43
CosmosScope Icon Bar .................................................................................................. 1-44
CosmosScope Tool Bar.................................................................................................. 1-45
CosmosScope Mouse Usage .......................................................................................... 1-46
Opening a Plotfile .......................................................................................................... 1-47
CosmosScope File/Signal Control Forms ...................................................................... 1-48
Scope Plotting Techniques (1/2) .................................................................................... 1-49
Scope Plotting Techniques (2/2) .................................................................................... 1-50
CosmosScope Measurements......................................................................................... 1-51
CosmosScope Measurements......................................................................................... 1-52
CosmosScope Measurements......................................................................................... 1-53
CosmosScope Calculator ............................................................................................... 1-54
Using the Calculator ...................................................................................................... 1-55
Lab 1: HSPICE............................................................................................................... 1-56
Unit 2: Verilog-A Modules
Unit Objectives ................................................................................................................ 2-2
Introduction to Verilog-A ................................................................................................ 2-3
Feature Overview (1/2) .................................................................................................... 2-4
Feature Overview (2/2) .................................................................................................... 2-5
Verilog-A Usage Overview ............................................................................................. 2-6
Loading Verilog-A Files (1/2) ........................................................................................ 2-7
Loading Verilog-A Files (2/2) ......................................................................................... 2-8
Defining the Verilog-A Module Path............................................................................... 2-9
Instantiation Syntax........................................................................................................ 2-10
Verilog-A Model Cards ................................................................................................ 2-11
Instantiation Examples (1/2) .......................................................................................... 2-12
Instantiation Examples (2/2) .......................................................................................... 2-13
Parameter Case Sensitivity............................................................................................. 2-14
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Bus Support .................................................................................................................... 2-15
Output Control (1/2) ...................................................................................................... 2-16
Output Control (2/2) ...................................................................................................... 2-17
Output Control Example (1/2) ....................................................................................... 2-18
Output Control Example (2/2) ....................................................................................... 2-19
Overriding Subcircuits with Verilog-A Modules........................................................... 2-20
Disabling .option VAMODEL with .option SPMODEL ............................................... 2-21
Addition Information – vamodel and spmodel .............................................................. 2-22
Stand-Alone Compiler ................................................................................................... 2-23
Verilog-A Examples .................................................................................................... 2-24
Lab 2: Verilog-A Modules ............................................................................................. 2-25
Unit 3: Simulating Variability - Design for Yield
Unit Objectives ................................................................................................................ 3-2
Wafer Yield in Nanometer Technologies ........................................................................ 3-3
Variation Components Across Wafer .............................................................................. 3-4
Variation Components From Reticle ............................................................................... 3-5
Variation Components Due To Discreteness of Atoms and Photons .............................. 3-6
Variation Components Due To Proximity: (not random) ................................................ 3-7
Quantifying Variability in Nanometer Technologies ....................................................... 3-8
Contents ........................................................................................................................... 3-9
Cu Interconnect Stack Structure .................................................................................... 3-10
Random Variation in Interconnect ................................................................................. 3-11
Interconnect Variation Modeling: Current Approach .................................................... 3-12
Interconnect Variation Modeling: Statistical Extraction Flow ...................................... 3-13
Contents ......................................................................................................................... 3-14
Variation Model in HSPICE .......................................................................................... 3-15
Variation Block Overview ............................................................................................. 3-16
Variation Block Structure .............................................................................................. 3-17
Options and Common Parameters ................................................................................. 3-18
Independent Random Variables ..................................................................................... 3-19
Dependent Random Variables ....................................................................................... 3-20
Syntax for Specifying Variations ................................................................................... 3-21
Variations on Model and Element Parameters ............................................................... 3-22
Simple Variation Block Example .................................................................................. 3-23
Principal Components Based Global Variation Modeling............................................. 3-24
Local Variations in Nanometer Technologies................................................................ 3-25
Spatial Variation Example ............................................................................................. 3-26
Designer’s Variation Block ............................................................................................ 3-27
Variation Block Summary ............................................................................................. 3-28
Contents ......................................................................................................................... 3-29
Monte Carlo Analysis in HSPICE ................................................................................. 3-30
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Monte Carlo Commands ................................................................................................ 3-31
Options for Monte Carlo Analysis ................................................................................. 3-32
Factorial Sampling ......................................................................................................... 3-33
One-Factor-At-a-Time Sampling ................................................................................... 3-34
Latin Hypercube Sampling ............................................................................................ 3-35
Monte Carlo Analysis Flow ........................................................................................... 3-36
Monte Carlo Result Distributions .................................................................................. 3-37
Monte Carlo Convergence ............................................................................................. 3-38
Contents ......................................................................................................................... 3-39
Interpreting Results of Monte Carlo .............................................................................. 3-40
Data Mining: Pairs Plot .................................................................................................. 3-41
Data Mining: Pareto Plot ............................................................................................... 3-42
Monte Carlo Analysis Summary .................................................................................... 3-43
Contents ......................................................................................................................... 3-44
Mismatch Analysis ......................................................................................................... 3-45
Mismatch........................................................................................................................ 3-46
Effects of Mismatch on DC Amplifier........................................................................... 3-47
HSPICE DCMatch Analysis Overview ......................................................................... 3-48
DCMatch Analysis Command ....................................................................................... 3-49
DCMatch Table Result Example ................................................................................... 3-50
Amplifier with Rail-to-Rail Input Range ....................................................................... 3-51
DCMatch Simulation Result .......................................................................................... 3-52
Benefits of DCMatch Analysis ...................................................................................... 3-53
HSPICE ACMatch Analysis Overview ......................................................................... 3-54
ACMatch Analysis Command ....................................................................................... 3-55
Fully Differential Amplifier ........................................................................................... 3-56
Power Supply Feedthrough ............................................................................................ 3-57
Benefits of ACMatch Analysis ...................................................................................... 3-58
Contents ......................................................................................................................... 3-59
Mismatch Versus Monte Carlo Analysis ....................................................................... 3-60
DCMatch and ACMatch Versus Monte Carlo ............................................................... 3-61
HSPICE Documentation on Variability ......................................................................... 3-62
References ...................................................................................................................... 3-63
Presentation for Modeling Engineers ............................................................................. 3-64
Lab 3: Simulating Variability – Design for Yield .......................................................... 3-65
Unit 4: S-Parameters and Linear Analysis
Unit Objectives ................................................................................................................ 4-2
S-Parameter Basics .......................................................................................................... 4-3
Two-Port Scattering Parameters ...................................................................................... 4-4
Linear Multi-Port Parameter Analysis ............................................................................ 4-5
Linear Characterization .................................................................................................... 4-6
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Port (P) Element ............................................................................................................... 4-7
Port Element Syntax ........................................................................................................ 4-8
.LIN Analysis Syntax ....................................................................................................... 4-9
.LIN Keywords ............................................................................................................... 4-10
HSPICE Linear Characterization ................................................................................... 4-11
.LIN Parameter Definitions (1/4) ................................................................................... 4-12
.LIN Parameter Definitions (2/4) ................................................................................... 4-13
.LIN Parameter Definitions (3/4) ................................................................................... 4-14
.LIN Parameter Definitions (4/4) ................................................................................... 4-15
Introduction to Noise Analysis (1/3) .............................................................................. 4-16
Introduction to Noise Analysis (2/3) .............................................................................. 4-17
Introduction to Noise Analysis (3/3) .............................................................................. 4-18
Noise Representation (1/2) ............................................................................................ 4-19
Noise Representation (2/2) ............................................................................................ 4-20
Noise Types (1/3) ........................................................................................................... 4-21
Noise Types (2/3) ........................................................................................................... 4-22
Noise Types (3/3) ........................................................................................................... 4-23
Noise Calculation Example............................................................................................ 4-24
S-Element ....................................................................................................................... 4-25
S-Element Syntax........................................................................................................... 4-26
S-Element Rules............................................................................................................. 4-27
S-Element Keywords (1/4)............................................................................................. 4-28
S-Element Keywords (2/4)............................................................................................. 4-29
S-Element Keywords (3/4)............................................................................................. 4-30
S-Element Keywords (4/4)............................................................................................. 4-31
S-Element Keywords (5/5)............................................................................................. 4-32
S-Parameter Model Syntax ............................................................................................ 4-33
SP Model Syntax............................................................................................................ 4-34
SP Model Keywords (1/3).............................................................................................. 4-35
SP Model Syntax (2/3) ................................................................................................... 4-36
SP Model Syntax (3/3) ................................................................................................... 4-37
SP Model Example ........................................................................................................ 4-38
Using S-Parameters Example ........................................................................................ 4-39
Mixed Mode S-Parameters ............................................................................................ 4-40
Mixed Mode Port Element ............................................................................................. 4-41
Extracting Mixed-Mode S-Parameters (1/3) .................................................................. 4-42
Extracting Mixed-Mode S-Parameters (2/3) .................................................................. 4-43
Extracting Mixed-Mode S-Parameters (3/3) .................................................................. 4-44
Mixed Mode S-Parameter Example ............................................................................... 4-45
Mixed-Mode S-Parameter Example Results (1/2) ......................................................... 4-46
Mixed-Mode S-Parameter Example Results (2/2) ......................................................... 4-47
Using Mixed Mode S-Parameters (1/2) ......................................................................... 4-48
Using Mixed Mode S-Parameters (2/2) ......................................................................... 4-49
Lab 4: Using .LIN and S-Parameters ............................................................................. 4-50
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Unit 5: Transmission Lines and Field Solver
Unit Objectives ................................................................................................................ 5-2
Introduction to Transmission Lines ................................................................................. 5-3
Transmission Lines (1/4) ................................................................................................. 5-4
Transmission Lines (2/4) ................................................................................................. 5-5
Transmission Lines (3/4) ................................................................................................. 5-6
Transmission Lines (4/4) ................................................................................................. 5-7
Transmission Lines in HSPICE ....................................................................................... 5-8
Ideal Transmission Lines: T-Element (1/2) ..................................................................... 5-9
Ideal Transmission Lines: T-Element (2/2) ................................................................... 5-10
W-Element Transmission Line ...................................................................................... 5-11
Comparison of U vs. W-Elements ................................................................................. 5-12
W-Element ..................................................................................................................... 5-13
W-Element RLGC Matrices........................................................................................... 5-14
RLGC File ...................................................................................................................... 5-15
W-Element Accepts U-Model........................................................................................ 5-16
W-Element Syntax ......................................................................................................... 5-17
W-Element Keywords .................................................................................................... 5-18
Benefits of DELAYOPT ................................................................................................ 5-19
Optimal Number Of W-Element Segments ................................................................... 5-20
AC vs. TRAN Comparison At 1GHz ............................................................................ 5-21
AC vs. TRAN Comparison At 5GHz ........................................................................... 5-22
AC vs. TRAN Comparison At 20GHz .......................................................................... 5-23
Using S-Parameters in Transmission Lines ................................................................... 5-24
Using S-Parameters in W-Element Keywords ............................................................... 5-25
Using S-Parameters in W-Element Syntax .................................................................... 5-26
Using S-Parameters In W-element Guidelines .............................................................. 5-27
W-Element Thermal Noise Modeling ............................................................................ 5-28
Thermal Noise Model Keywords ................................................................................... 5-29
W-Element with Thermal Model Syntax ...................................................................... 5-30
Field Solver .................................................................................................................... 5-31
Filament Method ............................................................................................................ 5-32
Modeling Geometry Basics ............................................................................................ 5-33
What Input does the Field Solver Require? ................................................................... 5-34
.MATERIAL Definition................................................................................................. 5-35
Layerstack Rules ............................................................................................................ 5-36
.LAYERSTACK ............................................................................................................ 5-37
.SHAPE .......................................................................................................................... 5-38
.FSOPTIONS ................................................................................................................. 5-39
Field Solver .Model (1/2) ............................................................................................... 5-40
Field Solver .Model (2/2) ............................................................................................... 5-41
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Field Solver .Model Rules (1/2)..................................................................................... 5-42
Field Solver .Model Rules (2/2)..................................................................................... 5-43
Field Solver Example ..................................................................................................... 5-44
Partial Netlist for Field Solver Example ........................................................................ 5-45
Modeling Coaxial Lines ................................................................................................. 5-46
Coaxial Line Example.................................................................................................... 5-47
Shielded Twin Lead Example ........................................................................................ 5-48
Lab 5: Transmission Lines and Field Solver.................................................................. 5-49
Unit 6: IBIS
Unit Objectives ................................................................................................................ 6-2
What is IBIS? ................................................................................................................... 6-3
IBIS Model Characteristics .............................................................................................. 6-4
IBIS Buffers ..................................................................................................................... 6-5
IBIS Buffer Block Diagram ............................................................................................. 6-6
Buffer Output Model........................................................................................................ 6-7
IBIS Model I-V Curves (1/2) ........................................................................................... 6-8
IBIS Model I-V Curves (2/2) ........................................................................................... 6-9
IBIS I-V Curve Rules of Thumb .................................................................................... 6-10
Ramp and V-t Curve Measurements .............................................................................. 6-11
Schematic of an I/O Circuit ........................................................................................... 6-12
IBIS Buffer Basic Syntax ............................................................................................... 6-13
Supported Buffer Types and Syntax (1/2)...................................................................... 6-14
Supported Buffer Types and Syntax (2/2)...................................................................... 6-15
BUFFER Keyword ......................................................................................................... 6-16
BUFFER Keyword Example.......................................................................................... 6-17
TYP Keyword ................................................................................................................ 6-18
Power On | Off ............................................................................................................... 6-19
INTERPOL and NOWARN Keywords ......................................................................... 6-20
XV_PU and XV_PD Keywords ..................................................................................... 6-21
RAMP_FWF and RAMP_RWF Keywords .................................................................. 6-22
FWF_TUNE and RWF_TUNE Keywords .................................................................... 6-23
C_Comp ......................................................................................................................... 6-24
IBIS Buffer Scaling Keywords....................................................................................... 6-25
HSP_VER Keyword ...................................................................................................... 6-26
Using the .IBIS Command (1/2) .................................................................................... 6-27
.IBIS Command Syntax (2/2) ......................................................................................... 6-28
.IBIS Command Syntax (1/2) ......................................................................................... 6-29
.IBIS Command Syntax (2/2) ......................................................................................... 6-30
.IBIS Command Examples ............................................................................................. 6-31
Using the .PKG Command (1/2) .................................................................................... 6-32
Using the .PKG Command (2/2) .................................................................................... 6-33
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Using the .EBD Command ............................................................................................ 6-34
.EBD Command Syntax ................................................................................................. 6-35
.EBD Example ............................................................................................................... 6-36
EBD Example ................................................................................................................ 6-37
EBD Limitations ............................................................................................................ 6-38
Using the .ICM Command ............................................................................................. 6-39
ICM Structure (1/2)........................................................................................................ 6-40
ICM Structure (2/2)........................................................................................................ 6-41
Additional ICM Constructs ............................................................................................ 6-42
ICM Swath ..................................................................................................................... 6-43
.ICM Syntax ................................................................................................................... 6-44
.ICM Example ................................................................................................................ 6-45
Multi-Lingual Model Support (1/2) ............................................................................... 6-46
Multi-Lingual Model Support (2/2) ............................................................................... 6-47
Example ......................................................................................................................... 6-48
Component Calls for [External Circuit] ........................................................................ 6-49
Name Limit Extension ................................................................................................... 6-50
Lab 6: IBIS Buffers ........................................................................................................ 6-51
Unit CS: Customer Support
Synopsys Support Resources ........................................................................................ CS-2
SolvNet Online Support Offers ..................................................................................... CS-3
SolvNet Registration is Easy......................................................................................... CS-4
Support Center: AE-based Support ............................................................................... CS-5
Other Technical Sources ............................................................................................... CS-6
Summary: Getting Support ........................................................................................... CS-7
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