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Faults Fault A fracture, or break, in Earth’s lithosphere, where movement occurs. Stress A force that presses on, pulls on, or pushes against another object. Earthquake The ground shaking caused by the sudden movement of large blocks of rock around a fault. Rocks move along faults Most faults are located along tectonic plate boundaries. Very little movement actually happens during an earthquake. Earthquake belt: 80% of earthquakes happen here Around the Pacific Ocean San Andreas fault North American Plate & Pacific Plate come together In California Earthquakes occur in the lithosphere San Andreas Fault How Faults are Classified 3 types of faults Normal fault Reverse fault Strike-slip fault Faults are named based off of how rock moves Normal Faults Stress that pulls rocks apart is what causes this fault. Tension forces Pulling Apart Footwall moves upward Part you can stand on Hanging wall moves downward Part you hang from Reverse Faults Caused by rock being pushed together Compression forces Pushing Together Footwall moves downward Hanging wall moves upward Strike-Slip Fault Rocks move side by side Caused by shearing forces Whose Fault? Normal Fault – Foot Wall Up Whose Fault? Reverse Fault – Foot Wall Down Whose Fault? Birds-eye View Strike Slip – Side By Side Birds-eye View Whose Fault? Side View Normal Fault – Foot Wall Up Whose Fault? Side View Reverse Fault – Footwall Down Side View Whose Fault? Birds-eye View Strike Slip – Side By Side Motion Birds-eye View
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