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GENERAL ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
Sub-regional seminar on the commercialization and
enforcment of intellectual property rights
LL.M. Mrs. Sonila Elezi
Head of Legal & International
Relations Department
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
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The main elements of the old actual R&D system could be
summarized as follows:
a network of research institutions is identified in the country
the scientific community depends administratively from many
ministries
universities are considered as education and research
structures with a considerable autonomy
the Academy of Sciences constitutes an independent entity
and functions practically as a National Research Centre
Ministries are in charge of a great number of research
institutes, all of them inherited.
PARLIAMENT
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Council of Scientific Policy and Technological
Development CSPD
Ministry of Education and Science
Scientific Research Directorate
Academy of Sciences
RI
Universities
RC
Private sector - R&D Performers
Multinational
Companies
Ministries’ Scientific Research
Directorate
RI - Research Institutes
RC- Research Centres
RI
RI- Research Institutes RC- Research
Centers
RC
NGO
Small and
Medium
Enterprises
RI
RC
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
Legal Framework
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Law No.7893 date 22.12.1994‘For the development of technology and science’
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the division of competence according to the levels, thus the vertical administration and horizontal
autonomy were sanctioned
the identified network of research institutions; the way of financing, thus the institutional one (budget
addressed directly to institutions) and the programming one (financing according to projects or
programs)
the platform of international relations, the involvement of institutes in the network of services, especially
the monitoring ones.
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
Patent applications in ALPTO only 40 applications from the
University through EPO for 2008
100%
1
2
80%
2
2
3
3
10
7
420
352
364
7
3
17
40
60%
101
16
8
9
224
374
407
382
40%
3
20%
13
15
2
19
19
0%
14
17
7
7
4
4
3
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
PCT
EP
NATIONAL
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
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According the Albanian Low on Science Policy and Technological
Development states:
“Scientific and technological activities constitute a national priority”, the
institutions responsible for the elaboration and for the implementation of the
Albanian S&T politics are pointed out in the Law and, in conformity with their
functions, constitute a structure with three levels: political, strategic and
operational [1].
Political level consists of the Parliament and the Government; on the strategic
level is the Council of the Scientific Policy and Technological Development;
the operational level is formed from the Ministry of the education and Science
(MoES), other Ministries and Academy of Sciences.
The functioning and the relations between those institutions is set up mainly
on two laws: Law on Higher Education in the Republic of Albania (2/25/1999)LHE; Law Science policy and technological development (12/22/1994)-LSPTD;
Status of the Academy of Sciences approved by the President of the Republic
and Law of the Albanian Academy of Sciences (2/03/2004)-LAAS.
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
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Human resources: R&D personnel
Official statistics for human resources in science and technology in Albania for R&D employees and
researchers do not equate to Full Time Equivalents (FTE) as defined in the OECD’s Frascati
manual. The only one national statistical institution (INSTAT) in Albania has not provided the
statistics for the R&D. Especially in the higher education sector, researchers are only partly engaged
in full-time R&D activities.
As one third of funding for researchers in the universities is provided by the Ministry of Education
and Science (Bilateral Programmes with Greece, Italy; UN and EU programmes: TEMPUS, NATOSfP, UNESCO, WHO, PECO, COPERNICUS, LIFE, etc.) and two years before from a special grand
for scientific research only for the universities.
Researchers in Albania are allocated in:
research institutes/centres of Academy of Sciences,
research institutes/centres, and scientific stations/incubators of the ministries,
universities,
R&D units in the private sectors of the industry: multinational companies Computer sciences, food
production, technology, civil engineering etc.), small and medium enterprises,
NGO research institutes and research centres.The Judgment and Administration of Complaint
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
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NATIONAL R&D PROGRAMS
The role of the NRDP is to finance from the State Budget “bottom-up” initiatives for the R&D. The compilation of
each Program of the NRDP describes the main development objectives of the priority fields. The NRDP prepared by
the Group of Experts and approved by the standard rules by the Council of Science Policy and Technological
development.
MESA is responsible for the implementation and financing of the NRDP with the 100% of the project cost round
360000 USD$ per year. The programs implemented through projects (standard procedures). Project duration is 3
years.
Respectively the developing of the NRDP was as the follow:
A) In the first round of the National R&D Programs approved for the period 1995-1998 the priority areas were:
Agriculture and Food, Energy, Geology Mineral Extraction and Elaboration, Biotechnology, Life Sciences,
Informatics and Information Technology, Transportation, Environment Studies, Urbanism, Albanology Studies,
Social Studies, and Materials.
The financial support of the 38 projects implemented in these programmes was 1302013 USD$.
B) The second National R&D Programs for the period 1999-2002 the priorities fields were: Albanology, Information
System and Technology, Biotechnology and Bio-Diversity, Natural Resources, Geology, Mineral Extraction and
Elaboration, Agriculture and Food.
The financial support of the 43 projects implemented in these programmes was 1041811 USD$.
C) During 2003–2005 period the National R&D Programs selected on the framework of the national priority as
fellow: Albanology and Humanity Studies, IST, Agriculture and Food, Health, Natural Resources, Biotechnology and
Biotechnological Diversity.
The financial support of the 45 projects implemented in these programmes was 1071429 USD$.
D) For the period 2007 – 2009 the priorities fields are: Social and Albanology Sciences, ICT, Agriculture and
Biotechnology, Environment and Biodiversity, Health, Water and Energy, Materials.
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
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Bilateral Program of Scientific and Technological Cooperation
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
has the right to sign a new intergovernmental S&T agreement
MOES, Directorate of Scientific Research,
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is responsible for the implementation through PROTOCOL
Republic of Albania up today has 7 Bilateral Agreements on Science and Technology (BSTCP), with Greece, Italy,
Macedonia and Slovenia that are active and with Austria, Turkey, and Poland. Agreements with Macedonia and
Slovenia, Turkey and Poland are signed on period 2005 – 2007, and SEE – ERA.NET project has completed partially
one of his duties: enlarge of bilateral co operations.
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
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During the period 2005 – 2007 Albania had:
25 common research projects and 40 mobility projects with Italy,
32 common research projects with Greece,
6 common research projects with Macedonia
6 common research projects with Slovenia.
For the period 2008-2010 Albania has signed the new Executive Programme with Italy in which there are 25 common
research projects and 40 mobility projects, with Greece and Slovenia during this year will renew the exist protocol,
Albania hopes that Austria, Poland, Turkey for ratification Agreements in their Parliaments and to be ready to sign
the executive Programmes.
Albania, in the near future, will increase this bilateral co operation, following the objectives of Government, and is in
discussions with Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo and France
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
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R&D institutions participate in the following multilateral programs; the focus is thereby on EU-programs, UNprograms and on collaboration with all the neighbor countries. Albanian institutions have many R&D relations with
the foreign homologue institutions. Hence, viewed from this perspective, the brain drain of scientists from Albania
can also have some positive impacts on the science system: know-how, state of art, collaboration in our programs and
projects etc.
Albanian Institute of Informatics and Applied Mathematics (INIMA), founded in 1986, now under Polytechnic
University of Tirana, continues to play the key role in the international co-operation. In the ICT fields, INIMA
participates in various international scientific projects, such as TERENA (Trans European Research and Education
Network Association), SEEREN (South Eastern European Research & Education Network – partners being the
Polytechnic University of Tirana and the Faculty of Economics of the University of Tirana), SEE-GRID (South
Eastern European GRID-enabled e-Infrastructure Development), SEEFIRE (South-East Europe Fibre Infrastructure
for Research and Education), ISOTEIA (Integrated System for the promotion of Territorial-Environmental Impact
Assessment in the frame of spatial development) etc. (INIMA 2006).
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
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R&D _ Filing Patent _ Patent_
Commercialization
it will be next step to follow for Albania
after the brain drain of scientists!
ALBANIAN PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS OFFICE
www.alpto.gov.al
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION