Download GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform Lydia MAIGNE

GATE Monte Carlo
simulation platform
Lydia MAIGNE
Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire,
Clermont-Fd
CNRS/IN2P3
[email protected]
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
1
Medical physics simulations
PET camera
Ocular brachytherapy
treatment
Radiotherapy
OpenGATE collaboration
http://www.opengatecollaboration.org
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
2
The birth of GATE









July 2001

Concept proposed by C. Morel at the « Monte Carlo in nuclear medicine
workshop » organised by I.Buvat in Paris
Autumn 2001

First specification documents

Initiation of developments
December 2001

First collaboration meeting

Participants : University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, LPC Clermont-Ferrand
IN2P3
May 2002

OpenGATE public meeting
May 2004: First Gate release
May 2009: Gate version 4.0.0
June 2009: GATE version 5.0.0 for nuclear medicine and radiotherapy
June 2010: GATE version 6.0.0 with improved RT features and CT imaging
March 2010: GATE version 6.1.0 (new hadronic processes)
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
3
The OpenGATE collaboration




Current status

20 groups

Fields: SPECT, PET, µPET, radiotherapy, hadrontherapy
All members contribute
 According to their interest and know-how
Jan S et al, GATE V6: a major
OpenGATE meetings: 2/3 per year
enhancement of the GATE simulation
Coordination
platform enabling modelling of CT and
radiotherapy.
 Irène BUVAT, spokesman
Phys. Med. Biol. 56 (2011) 881-901
 Sébastien JAN, technical coordinator
CRUMP INSTITUTE FOR
MOLECULA IMAGING
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
4
How it works





Based on Geant4: version 4.9.3 & 4.9.4
 C++ object oriented langage

Reliable cross sections
Core layer: C++ classes close to the G4 kernel
GATE development: C++ classes derived from
the core layer classes
 modelisation of detectors, sources, patient

movement (detector, patient)

time-dependent processes (radioactive
decay, movement management, biological
kinetics)
Ease of use
Command scripts to define all the parameters
of the simulation (geometry construction,
specification of physical processes, sources)
Lydia Maigne
User interface
Application layer
Core layer
Geant4
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
5
GATE architecture
GATE 6.1
General/
Geometry/
GateClock,GateHounsfield,
GateBox, GateCylinder...
GateGeometryVoxel,
GateImageNestedParametris
ation,
GateImageRegionalized,
GateIDFilter,
GateParticleFilter,
GatePrimaryGeneratorActio
n,
GateRunManager....
CLHEP
2.0.4.2
GateCPETSystem.cc,
GateCylindricalPETSystem.cc,
GatePETScannerSystem.cc,
GateScannerSystem.cc,
ROOT 5.24
Physics/
GateBremsstrahlung,
GateElectronionisation,
GateHadron...,
GateCompton...,
GatePhotoelectric...,
GateRayleigh,
GatePositron....
Digit_hits/
GateActor, GateCrystalHit,
GateCrystalSD,
GateDoseActor,
GateKillActor, GateToAscii,
GateToRoot, GateToInterfile,
GateToSinogram...
GEANT4.9.3
&
GEANT4 9.4
GEANT4 Data
G4EMLOW6.2
G4NDL-3.13
PhotonEvaporation-2.0
G4RadioactiveDecay-3.2
G4ABLA-3.0
ELASTIC-1.1
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
6
Physics processes


EM processes
 Standard and low energy EM processes available
 Photoelectric, compton scattering, Rayleigh scattering, pair production
 Ionization (for e-, e+, hadrons, ions..)
 Bremsstrahlung, positron and e- anihilation, single and multiple scattering
Hadronic processes
 Elastic scattering
 Inelastic process for proton
 Inelastic process for ion
 Pions
 Neutrons
 Radiative capture
 Inelastic scattering
 Fission
 Particle decay
 Radioactive decay
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
7
GATE for medical imaging
IMNC-IN2P3 (CNRS UMR 8165)




Simulation of the MOBY phantom in a PET/CT ImXgam prototype
Simulation of a FDG PET of a whole body scan as aquired on a GEMINI GXL
PET scanner
XCAT simulation
Clinical scan (PET, SPECT, CT)
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
8
Systems for scans
Scanner
SPECTHead
PET-ECAT
scan
CylindricalPET
CPET
CTscan
scanner
SPECThead
ecat
cylindricalPET
CPET
CTscanner
level1
crystal
block
rsector
crystal
module
level2
pixel
crystal
module
cluster
level3
crystal
pixel
level4
layer0
level5
layer1
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
9
PET-MR camera:
Key Jo Hong, Yong Choi
4x4 LYSO Array
72 PET detectors
* FORTE 3.0T Human MRI
(ISOL Technology, Korea)
4x4 GAPD Array
PET inside MRI
300 cm FFC
PET
MRI
Lydia Maigne
Fused PET-MRI
Shielding box
for electronics
3-T MRI
PET
RF coil
Patient
bed
Hoffman
brain
phantom
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
10
Fields of research in nuclear medicine






Caracterization of detector efficiency
Caracterization of medical scans and small animal
scans
Molecular imaging
Quantification
Dosimetry (low energy)
Computing time efficiency
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
11
GATE for radiation therapy


All linac geometry possible
Advanced features with dedicated
scorer (actors)




doseDistributionActor, KillActor,
PhaseSpaceActor
Variance reduction technique
Voxelized phantom/patient
Output = Images in ROOT or
Analyze format of:



Lydia Maigne
The dose distribution
The statitistical uncertainty
The number of hits in each voxels…
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
12
Variance reduction technique

The weight of secondary particles is recalculated in
function of the number of secondaries generated.
User can also define filters to increase the efficiency
of these techniques.
 Splitting
 to split 100 times the electron
bremsstrahlung photon
 Russian roulette
 Russian roulette is played on secondary
particles. The survival probability is 1/N and
the weight of each secondary is N.
 Selective splitting and russian roulette
 user can add selections criteria on the
incident (primary) or secondary particles.
The selection is done with filters
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
13
Regionalized Volume (RV)

Regionalized Volume (RV)




↗
CT images are segmented into multiple homogeneous regions (with no density
gradient greater than a user specified threshold)
A first image of homogeneous regions is created : RV image
A voxelized image describing the patient is created and associated to the RV image
The particles are tracked in the RV image, the dose scored in the voxelized image
Less boundaries, less steps, gain of CPU time
D. Sarrut et al. Med Phys 35, April 2008
Representation with PV
GATE example :
1 million 6MV photons
Field 5x5 cm²
one CPU 2.33 GHz
NPV
RV
40 materials
13.5 min
5.1 min
7 materials
13.5 min
2.5 min
Representation with RV
CT image
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
14
Fields of research in radiation therapy

Validation

Dosimetry (10 keV to 20 MeV)





Standard and Low energy G4 packages
Linac modelling + treatment plans
New techniques: IMRT, IGRT, cyberknife, pencil beam
Computing time efficiency (grid): GateLab
Radiobiology


Bacteria survivals (E. Coli), human cell survivals
DNA repare
T
-
4 Gy 4 Gy 30 Gy 30 Gy
2000 pb
1500 pb
1000 pb
800 pb
600 pb
400 pb
Photographie de l’électrophorèse de l’ADN irradié à 4 et 30 Gy.
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
15
GATE for hadron therapy

In France 2 projects:

ARCHADE: European centre for R&D
Located in Caen
 Partnership with IBA company
 Cyclotron for acceleration of protons and carbon ions
 Research in physics and radiobiology and then patients


ETOILE: treatment of patients (2015)


Lydia Maigne
Located in Lyon
Collaborations with IBA company on protontherapy
applications
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
16
Fields of research in hadron therapy

Online beam imaging to control the dose during the
treatment



Novel in beam PET, in vivo tumour response imaging
Innovative gantry designs
Detectors & electronics:


Silicium PM, MCPPMT
Dosimetry



Validation of physic processes
Validation of treatment plans
Radiobiology

Lydia Maigne
Cell survival, DNA repare
GSI Darmstat
European NoVel Imaging
Systems for ION therapy
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
17
GEANT4/GATE and Grid tutorial –
Seoul July 2010


~50 participants
 NCC, Samsung Medical Center…
 Strong interest by the medical physics community of Seoul for radiation
therapy and medical imaging applications
Involvment in new collaborations
 Protontherapy applications (treatment plans, validation): future collaboration
with NCC
 Radiobiology
GEANT4-DNA & GATE: multi-scales approach
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
18
Next step: Multi-scale simulations GATEG4DNA
3 PhD students in our group working on the 3
levels of simulation
Macro scale: GATE collaboration
Micro scale: LPC-LIMOS
Dose to human tissue, organs
GATE collaboration
Yann Perrot (2009-2012)
Cell survival after radiation
modelling
Benjamin Louvet (2010-2013)
Nano scale: LPC-CENBG (G4 DNA)
Modelling the DNA, DNA strand breaks, DNA repair,
validation
Trung Quang PHAM (2011-2014)
Lydia Maigne
LIA FKPPL workshop – GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform – 07-03-11
19