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AP/MI Questions Unit 1
1. Explain each of the key terms listed; use diagrams to enhance your
responses.
a) Cohort study in epidemiology
b) Epidemiology
c) Herd Immunity
d) Transduction
e) Transformation
f) Bacteria conjugation
g) Conductive hearing loss
h) Sensorineural hearing loss
i) Bioinformatics
j) Genome
2. Why is information about a patient’s lifestyle and about possible environmental
exposures important when investigating an outbreak?
3. What medical interventions can be used to treat and contain the outbreak of
an infectious disease?
4.Discuss BLAST and explain how scientists identify specific bacteria.
5.Why is PCR used in the process of DNA sequencing?
6.How can the DNA sequencing be used to identify other classes of pathogens,
such as viruses.
7.Explain how color and light can be helpful when determining concentration.
A serial dilution is a stepwise dilution of a substance in solution.
http://www.jj-sct-bio.com/assays--solutions.html
8.What is a serial dilution? Provide an example.
9.How can a standard curve be used to determine the concentration of a
solution?
10.How is ELISA used to determine infection?
11. If the pathogen was bacterial, antibiotics may be prescribed. Discuss the
actions of the basic types of antibiotics and what they each target in the bacteria.
12. Explain to a patient who has a viral infection why an antibiotic is NOT used to
treat his/her viral infection. Explain why an antibiotic will not help him get better.
13. Patients forgetting to take their antibiotics are not the sole cause of antibiotic
resistance. Explain at least two other possible causes of the development of
antibiotic resistant bacteria.
14.Explain how vaccinations typically work.
15.It can be said that a vaccine does not prevent infection; rather it primes the
immune system to respond to an invader. Using information about human
immune response, explain this statement.
16.Explain why babies born in different countries may be vaccinated against
different diseases.
17. Explore disease trends in the 1900s and in modern day? What factors do you
believe contribute to the trends you observe?
18. Do parents have a right to decide whether or not to vaccinate their child?
Explain your position.
19. Explain why the Hepatitis B vaccine is administered multiple times over the
course of a child’s life. What does it mean when doctors use the term “booster
shot”?
20. Jenner tested his small pox vaccine on a young child. What ethical
considerations must be addressed when a new vaccine is being tested and
released to the public?