Download Hydrocarbon Structure Lab A Hydrocarbon is an organic compound

Hydrocarbon Structure Lab
A Hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon. The
simplest hydrocarbon is methane (CH4) which is a saturated hydrocarbon meaning all of the
bonds present are single bonds. Another name for a saturated hydrocarbon is an alkane.
Saturated hydrocarbons can be arranged as straight chains, branched chains, or ring
structures. Remember that all Carbon atoms can bond with 4 other atoms in a covalent bond
and that Hydrogen atoms bond with only one other atom to complete its outer shell with 2
electrons.
An isomer is defined as a compound with the same molecular formula but a different
structural formula. For example, the molecule butane (C4H10) can be found as two structurally
different molecules:
Both of the above compounds have the same molecular formula (C4H10), but have very
different structures.
The prefix of a Hydrocarbon tells you the number of carbon atoms:
1 = meth6 = hex2 = eth7 = hept3 = prop8 = oct4 = but9 = non5 = pent10 = decand the ending tells you what type of hydrocarbon is present :
-ane = alkane- saturated with single bonds
-ene = alkene- unsaturated with double bonds
-yne = alkyne- unsaturated with triple bonds
For example, a hydrocarbon with 5 carbon atoms and all single bonds is called- Pentane.
What is a hydrocarbon with 3 carbon atoms and double bonds called? ___________________
What is a hydrocarbon with 8 carbon atoms and triple bonds called? ____________________
What is a hydrocarbon with 2 carbon atoms and single bonds called? ___________________
What is a hydrocarbon with 4 carbon atoms and triple bonds called?__________________
What is a hydrocarbon with 10 carbon atoms and double bonds called?________________
Part 1: Hydrocarbon structure (Alkanes/Alkenes/Alkynes)
Construct the following Hydrocarbons, write the molecular formula, and draw the sketch of the
correct molecular formula showing arrangement of Carbon and Hydrogen
Name
Structural formula (Showing H and C in correct locations)
Methane
_________
Ethane
__________
Propane
__________
Butane
_________
Pentane
__________
Hexane
__________
Ethene
___________
Ethyne
___________
Follow-Up Questions:
Answer the following after you complete the Lab Activity:
1. What do you notice about the number of hydrogen atoms as the number of carbon atoms
increases?
2. Can you come up with a formula to predict the number of hydrogen atoms for any number
of Carbon atoms? How many Hydrogen atoms would there be for a 7 carbon chain? 8
carbons?
3. Which type of bond is strongest, single, double or triple?