Download Applied Epidemiology

Applied
Epidemiology
PU 520-6
Unit 9
Overview
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Epidemiologic specializations
Research design
Global Burden of Disease Study
Disability-adjusted life year
Test Your Knowledge
Breslow’s study
Overview of Exam 3
Psychologic
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What might psychological epidemiology
be?
What are psychological processes and how
do they influence health?
Behavioral
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Studies the role of behavioral factors in
health
Examples
 tobacco use
 physical activity
 risky sexual behavior
 consumption of unhealthy foods
Social
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The influence of a person’s position in the
social structure upon the development of
disease
Research Designs Used
Experimental
Cross sectional
Case Control
Cohort
Global Burden of Disease Study
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Measures burden of disease
Combines years of life lost
Due to premature mortality
Years of life lost
Comprehensive regional and global
assessment
Disability-Adjusted Life Year
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Metric that assess the burden of disease
Measures the gap between current health and
ideal health
Sum of the Years of Life Lost
What are the 10 leading specific causes of
global DALYs?
Test Your Knowledge
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What is the person-environment fit model?
What is stress?
What is the stress press model?
Name a stressful life event. What are ways
you deal with stress?
What is the Social Readjustment Rating
Scale?
Healthy People 2010
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What is healthy people 2010?
What are the overarching goals?
Give me two focus areas!
Breslow's study
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Moderate food intake
Eating regularly
Eating breakfast
Not Smoking Cigarettes
Moderate or no use of alcohol
Moderate exercise
7 to 8 hours of sleep daily
Exam 3 Review
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Sensitivity
Specificity
Reliability
Validity
Direct Transmission
Indirect Transmission
Case Fatality Rate
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Mortality Rate
Major resurgence of
measles
TB rates in recent years
Passive Immunity
Selective Screening
Mass Screening
Ad hoc Screening
Multiphasic Screening
What am I?
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Epidemiology Monitor
Lyme Disease is consider what type of
vector?
How many specialties are in the field of
epidemiology?
What is virulent virus?
Foods that transmit salmonella
Other Terms to Know
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High subclinical/clinical ratio
Portal of exit
Portal of entry
Asbestos Exposure
Electronic & Mechanic Fields Exposure
Threshold
Latency
Synergism
Difference Between Studies
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Experimental
Retrospective Cohort
Prospective Cohort
Case -Control
Cross-Sectional
Test Your Knowledge
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What is person-environment fit model ?
What is the most important methodological
problems in the measurement of life events?
According to The Association of Schools of
Public Health, What competencies in
epidemiology is need to be achieved by
Master of Public Health degree candidates?
What is sensitivity?
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The sensitivity of a test is the probability
that the test is positive when given to a
group of patients with the disease.
Sensitivity is sometimes abbreviated Sn.
The formula for sensitivity is
Sn = True Positive Test____
All Patients With Disease
Sensitivity Formula
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In a study of 5,113 subjects checked for
gastric cancer by endoscopy There were 13
patients with gastric cancer confirmed by
endoscopy. 11 of these patients were
positive on the test.
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The sensitivity is 11/13 = 85%.
Predictive Value of a Positive Test
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Proportion of persons with positive test who
have condition.
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PPV= True Positive___
True + False Positive (All Positive)
Predictive Value Formula
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1000 patients in a clinic, being tested for syphilis 100 have
the characteristics and 900 don’t.
Among the 100 patients with syphilis, 95 of them tested
positive, and 5 tested negative. Among the 900 patients
without syphilis, 90 tested positive, and 810 tested negative.
In this case, TP=95, FN=5, FP=90, and TN=810.
In the case above, that would be 95/(95+90)= 51.4%. The
positive predictive value tells us how likely someone is to
have the characteristic if the test is positive. Among all
people that test positive, what proportion truly has the
characteristic? 51.4% PPV means that if you test positive,
you have a 51.4% chance of actually having the disease.
Last Thoughts