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Download Surgical Diseases of Sheep and Goats IVMA 2017
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Surgical Diseases of Sheep and Goats IVMA 2017 A.N. Baird, DVM, MS, DACVS Purdue University Goat Medicine by Mary Smith & David Sherman Lea & Febiger Sheep & Goat Med, 2nd ed by Pugh & Baird Saunders Large Animal Urogenital Surgery by Dwight Wolfe and David Moll Williams & Wilkins Techniques in Large Animal Surgery, 4th ed. By Hendrickson and Baird Lea & Febiger Goat Dehorning Dehorning Goats Necessary to be eligible for purebred registry Reduces trauma from fighting Flank hernias Human injury Never house dehorned and horned goats together Dehorning Hot iron Early age Art Producer procedure Restraint Scurs Thermal damage Dehorning Techniques Not Recommended Elastrator Band Frequently unsuccessful Initially very painful Unsightly scurs Barnes Calf Dehorning Scoops Cerebral Concussion and acute death Power Oscillating Saw Dehorning Goats Disbud within first 10 days of life Manual restraint in dehorning box Cautery with dehorning iron Art to hot iron use Producer technique Scurs (burn twice, bury once) Dehorning – Immature Horns Local anesthesia +/- Bicarb Xylazine NSAID’s Clip hair Trim excess horn with nippers Cauterize center and edges of horn bud Dehorning (mature) Sedation and local block General anesthesia? Circumferential skin incision .25 inches from horn Gigli wire – rostral lateral to caudal medial Trim excess tissue Relatively large hole in frontal sinus Establish hemostasis Bandage 4 to 6 weeks to heal Cosmetic Dehorn Hague and Hooper Rongeur frontal bone to relieve tension Primary closure Heal 10-14 days Release incisions Partial closure Adult Dehorning Bloody and difficult procedure Large unsightly scurs common Anesthesia or heavy sedation essential Dehorning Complications Hemorrhage Sinusitis Encephalitis Infection Thermal Disbudding Kids 5-7 days Destroy corium Circle of skin Cryosurgery Heat Electric Dehorning Iron ¾ - 1 inch diameter Cherry red Copper-colored skin Disbudding restraint Discomfort Nerve Blocks Adult Dehorning > 6 weeks GA Xylazine/ lidocaine Sharp incision OB Wire Cosmetic Post op Tetanus Prophylaxis Dehorning Complications Hemorrhage Sinusitis Meningitis Abscess Social Status Scurs Cesarean Section Small Ruminants Indications Pregnancy Toxemia Dystocia Gnotobiotic Kids Restraint GA Local Sedation Ropes Approach RLR Flank Uterine incision/closure Oxytocin Cesarean Section Dystocia incidence ~3% Pygmy over represented (fetal-dam size) Failure of cervical dilation Survival decreases after 6 hours Many rebreed without difficulties (Brounts) Cesarean Section Recumbent left flank 0.1 mg/lb diazepam IV Lidocaine local diluted (<10 mg/kg) Body wall very thin Uterine incision over head or hind limbs Multiple kids may require 2 uterine incisions (warning) Uterine closure with inverting pattern Cesarean Section Routine body wall closure Increased incidence of retained placenta Complications decreased with AB’s Safe, effective field procedure Cesarean Section (misc) Difficult exposure in fat sheep General anesthesia Midline Low flank Castration : Complications Hemorrhage Evisceration Infection Ureter rupture/tear Tetanus Tetanus Prophylaxis 1500 iu/vial Lambs and kids – 250 iu Adults unknown Hx - 750 iu Adults prev vacc – toxoid booster When to castrate? First week 5-6 months How to castrate? Surgical Elastrator Band Burdizzo Emasculatome Surgical Castration < 1 week: Restraint +/- sedation Older: Xylazine 0.05 – 0.3 mg/kg Local lidocaine < 6 mg/kg (1%) Drug REACTIONS: Surgical Technique Lower 1/3 scrotum Newberry Knife Traction to tear dorsal to Pam Plex >4 months: Emasculator/ligature Elastrator Band Simple Producers < 3 weeks Ischemia/slough No hemorrhage Tetanus Burdizzo Emasculatome No wound 2 crushes each cord DO NOT cross midline Testicular survival Scrotal slough Swelling Tetanus Urolithiasis Calcium apatite Ca Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate Ca Carbonate Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Predisposing factors High Concentrate diets Cystitis Early Castration? Clinical Signs Anorexia Depression Urine dribbling Stranguria/vocalization Treatment Amputate urethral process Urethrostomy Tube Cystotomy Marsupialization High urethrostomy Urethral spatulation Radical Mastectomy Precocious udder (inappropriate lactation) Tumors, chronic mastitis Dorsal recumbency, general anesthesia Elliptical incision – tension Inverted cloverleaf incision – “X” closure drains Radical Mastectomy Dissect skin bluntly from mammary tissue and mammary gland bluntly from external sheath HEMORRHAGE External pudendal A & V Mammary branch vent perineal A Subcutaneous abdominal V Dissect to body wall cranial to udder Radical Mastectomy Bluntly elevate mammary tissue from rectus sheath Ligate vessels as exposed Drain “X” closure Ovariectomy Discuss ovariectomy with mastectomy Separate surgeries Ovariectomy vs OVH Flank or midline approached Exposure limited Laparoscopic ovariectomy 1 Year Old Pygmy Male Attack by dog 4 months earlier Fractured humerus (healed) Scrotal swelling developed Bilateral inguinal hernia Salvaged right testicle Urethral Fistula Urolithiasis Distal fistula Becomes stricture and obstruction Follow up Two abdominal surgeries Poor Prognosis Breed 35 ewes 34 pregnancies Tail Docking 3 days - 2 weeks Soiled Depressed reproductive performance Length Complications Technique Emasculator Emasculatome Hot Chisel Knife Elastrator Band Adult Tail Dock Wedge Incision Amputate Between Vertebrae Miscellaneous Vaginal Prolapse Uterine Prolapse Rectal Prolapse Transfixation Casts As described in calves Consider climbing habits of goats Especially heavy goats Splints Small ruminant fractures Tape rather than wires Padding Secure with tape Inexpensive Splints (disadvantage) Lack rigid stability Leg length Inguinal sores Digit Amputation Sepsis Injury Same as cattle General anesthesia More easily closed
