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By Aidan Inkster and Jessica Curtis 1 Founded by Romulus and Remus in 753 B.C.E. in legend Romans conquest the Mediterranean 264-153 B.C.E. Decline of Roman Republic 133-31 B.C.E. Thracian Gladiator –Spartacus- lead revolt against slavery 73-71 B.C.E. Julius Caesar officially named dictator in 47 B.C.E. and named dictator for life in 44 B.C.E. Octavian defeats Anthony at Actium 31 B.C.E. Age of Augustus(revered one) 31 B.C.E.- 14 C.E. Early Empire 14-180 C.E. Jewish revolt in 66 C.E. was crushed by 70 C.E. Fall of Roman Empire which had continuous civil wars 193- 235 or 235-284 C.E. 2 3 Most Romans lived in the country and were farmers Others lived in small towns and cities with many buildings and roads. These towns had crowded forums with little shops and temples and public baths for everyone to socialize in Rome is in what is now known as Italy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1i2zgAfkYE 4 Spartacus- lead revolt against Roman empire on slavery and had 70 thousand followers that were slaves. Caesar Augustus- created the Augustinian code which still to this day is the basis of western laws. Added 53,00- miles of paved roads to the road system Created a postal system and standard currency 5 Founded by Romulus and Remus in 753 B.C.E. Two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus Caesar Crassus Octavian- first roman empire- Augustus Catullus Traditional economy: based on trade and agriculture Agriculture contributed quite a bit to the success of the Roman Empire. Trade: very essential and helped to increase manufacturing Trade with the Chinese via the Silk Road and the Egyptians on the Mediterranean, as well as other nations throughout the empire. All Roads lead to Rome! 7 Gladiator Battles were the big entertainment of the Roman Empire-(public slaughter important in Roman culture) Battles were to the death It was usually slaves or criminals forced to fight Sometimes criminals of every age and both genders were placed against wild animals with no weapons. About 5,00 beasts were killed day 1 of the games in 80 C.E. 8 Started as monarchy in around 509 B.C.E. Switched to a Republic Became a dictatorship in 47 B.C.E.(Julius Caesar) Developed Civil rights which the Bill of Rights in the United States is based off of. Which became know as the Twelve Table Laws (450 B.C.E.) applied to all Romans citizens as well as problems between Romans and Non- Romans. These laws later became the law of nations. Concept of “Innocent until proven guilty” originated in Rome Military based 9 Families: • Paterfamilias: dominant male • Household included: wife, son with their wives, children, unmarried daughters, and slaves • Romans believed that the weakness of the female sex necessitated male guardians. • Father arranged marriages of daughter – daughters could marry at 12 but 14 was more common • Roman doctors realized having children at a young age was dangerous for young girls. • Upper class women had more freedom had right to own, inherit/ dispose of property 10 Slaves and Masters Romans possessed more slaves and relied heavily on slave labor Slaves were often people that had been conquered by the Romans Slave Works: household workers, cooks, valet, waiters, cleaners, gardeners, farm labors, and assistants Famous Slave revolt led by: Spartacus in 73 B.C.E. Class Systems: Senatorial class- Political Equestrian class- Economic Commons(Plebs or Vulgus) Latins Foreigners Freed people: once were slaves Slaves 11 Columns, theatres, amphitheatres, arches, temples and baths Roman, shortly after 14 CE Onyx Cameo of Livia holding the bust of the deified Augustus by Paris 13 Ptolemy-Astronomy Medicine Paved Roads All roads lead to Rome 53,000 miles of road were constructed under Emperor Augustus Aqueducts- which were used to bring clean water to the cities and towns 14 Latin Writing first emerged in the 3rd century B.C.E. Hypocaust’s Catapults Cranes Roman Beliefs: Polytheistic(many gods) They incorporated gods and religious practices into their religion Juno- patron goddess of women Minerva- goddess of artisans Mars- god of war Jupiter Optimus Maxius- best and greatest, patron deity of Rome (note not all gods/goddesses mentioned) 16 When the Romans annexed the province of Judea, they encountered a Monotheistic-one god, society. That was not willing to accept the Roman beliefs and the Romans were not willing to give up their polytheistic ways of worship. Romans tolerated it at first, then it was seen as a threat to their rule. The dominant religion in Judea, was Judaism. Jewish people hated the Romans and believed that God would deliver them from the oppression of the Roman empire through a Messiah. Christianity grew out of the Jewish faith. 17 When Christ claimed He was the Messiah, and did not try to over throw the Romans, the Zealots(radical Jews) decided to turn Him over to the Roman authorities for planning to over throw the government by claiming He was the “King of the Jews”. Governor Pilate, did not find anything to commit Christ to death, but gave the Jewish people a choice between a thief or Him, to sentence to death. The Jews chose Christ. This was one political move done by the Jews to try to over throw the Romans. 18 Christians believe Christ was the Messiah and died on the cross for their sins. They refused to renounce their new found faith, they were beheaded, crucified, or feed to wild beasts in the Colosseum. Two of the people responsible for the spread of Christianity were Saul of Tarsus(Paul) and Peter Paul – persecuted Christians then converted to Christianity Wrote a majority of the New Testament, mostly letters Peter- denied knowing Christ because of fear Provided the foundation for the Roman Catholic church They were both killed for their faith. Peter was crucified upside down and Paul was beheaded in Rome around 54 C.E. under Emperor Nero. Roman Empire became a Christian Empire by about 391 C.E. 19 The Western half of the Roman Empire went under The Eastern half thrived and eventually was re- named as the Byzantine Empire 20 You can watch these in your own spare time. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOHmoXek0Xc&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9B7MOOf2XU Watch the following clips, they are great! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fC0m4a_06DY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmnJuWUqYGI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vjx3cpBktq0&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fa02Me27sYw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gU0Qn6qry2k 21 "Ancient Rome." Ancient Rome Powerpoint. Web. 2 Oct. 2010. <http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/51520824111536263/lib/51520824111536263/Microsoft_PowerPoint_ -_Ancient_Rome.pdf>. Digital image. Google. Google. Web. 28 Sept. 2010. <www.google.com>. Duiker, William J., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. "Chapter 5." World History. 4th ed. Belmont: ThomsonWadsworth, 2004. 120-49. Print. Fisher, Grant, and Cheri Beth Harlan. "Geography of Rome." Voyage Back in Time: Ancient Greek and Rome. Dr. Patricia Stohr-Hunt. Web. 28 Sept. 2010. <http://chalk.richmond.edu/education/projects/webunits/greecerome/Romegeog1.html>. McManus, Barbara F. "Roman Social Class and Public Display." Barbara McManus. Web. 1 Oct. 2010. <http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/socialclass.html>. "Persecutions of Christians." Roman Colosseum. Roman Colosseum, 2008. Web. 2 Oct. 2010. <http://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-empire/persecution-of-christians.htm>. "Religion." Roman Religion. Web. 2 Oct. 2010. <http://www.romanempire.net/religion/religion.html>. "Roman Empire." Worldofteaching. Worldofteaching. Web. 2 Oct. 2010. <http://www.worldofteaching.com>. "Romans Technology." BBC. BBC. Web. 1 Oct. 2010. <www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/romans/technology>. 22 23