Download Microsoft PowerPoint

A Geographical Analysis of
Knowledge Production in
Computer Science
Guilherme Vale Menezes
Nivio Ziviani
Alberto H. F. Laender
Virgílio Almeida
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Federal University of Minas Gerais - Brazil
Summary




Introduction
Data Gathering
Results
Conclusions
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
The Problem




Study the characteristics of researchers of
Computer Science graduate programs
30 graduate programs in 3 geographic regions
Build collaboration social networks based on
DBLP
We use several metrics of collaboration social
networks


Giant Component
Clustering Coefficient
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Steps




Comparison between 30 programs in 3 regions
Comparison between 30 Computer Science fields
Study of the interrelationship between fields
Temporal analysis of the 3 regions and the fields
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Collaboration Network
Author
Collaboration
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Collaborations in DCC-UFMG
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Collaborations in DCC-UFMG
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Summary




Introduction
Data Gathering
Results
Conclusions
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Data Gathering






Part of our data came from Perfil-CC project
Objective of Perfil-CC: study Brazilian Computer
Science graduate programs
A set of 30 programs was chosen
Focus: comparison with North American programs
Results supported public policies
Data gathered in June 2007
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Brazilian Programs
PUC-Rio, UFRJ, UFPE, UFMG,
USP-SP, USP-SC, UNICAMP, UFRGS
8 graduate programs
391 authors
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Canadian and US Programs
British Columbia, Toronto, Waterloo, Brown, CalTech,
CMU, Cornell, Harvard, Illinois, MIT, Princeton, Stanford,
UC Berkeley, UTexas Austin, Washington, Wisconsin
16 graduate programs
1,262 authors
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
French, Swiss and UK Programs
ETH Zurich, Cambridge U., Imperial College,
Oxford U., École Polytechnique, Paris VI
6 graduate programs
611 authors
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Data Gathering


Professors obtained from the departments’ websites
Publications from DBLP
Programs:
Professors:
Authors:
Papers:
Venues:
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
30
2,007
76,537
352,766
2,176
Venue Classification




2,176 were classified (by humans) into 30 fields
The list of fields was obtained from a poll
The brazilian Computer Science research
community was consulted
312 researchers identified 30 different fields
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Computer Science Fields
Algorithms and Theory
Applied Computing
Artificial Intelligence
Bioinformatics
Circuit Conception
Comp. Architecture
Comp. Graphics
Comp. Networks and
Distributed Systems
Computer Vision
Data Mining
Databases
Embedded and RealTime Systems
Formalisms, Logics
and Semantics
Games and
Entertainment
Geoinformatics
Human-Comp.
Interaction
Informatics in
Education
Information Retrieval
Information Systems
Machine Learning
Modelling and
Simulation
Natural Language
Processing
Operation Systems
Operational Research
and Optimization
Programming
Languages
Robotics, Automation
and Control
Security and Privacy
Software Engineering
Ubiquitous Comp.
Web, Hypermedia,
Multimedia
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Computer Science Fields
Algorithms
and Theory
Algorithms and Theory
Applied Computing
Artificial Intelligence
Bioinformatics
Circuit Conception
Comp. Architecture
Comp. Graphics
Comp. Networks and
Distributed Systems
Computer Vision
Data Mining
Databases
Embedded and RealTime Systems
Formalisms, Logics
and Semantics
Games and
Entertainment
Geoinformatics
Human-Comp.
Interaction
Informatics in
Education
Information Retrieval
Information Systems
Machine Learning
Modelling and
Simulation
Natural Language
Processing
Operation Systems
Operational Research
and Optimization
Programming
Languages
Robotics, Automation
and Control
Security and Privacy
Software Engineering
Ubiquitous Comp.
Web, Hypermedia,
Multimedia
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Computer Science Fields
Algorithms and Theory
Applied Computing
Artificial Intelligence
Bioinformatics
Circuit Conception
Comp. Architecture
Comp. Graphics
Comp. Networks and
Distributed Systems
Computer Vision
Data Mining
Databases
Embedded and RealTime Systems
Formalisms, Logics
and Semantics
Games and
Entertainment
Geoinformatics
Human-Comp.
Interaction
Informatics in
Education
Information Retrieval
Information
Retrieval
Natural Language
Information Systems
Machine Learning
Operation Systems
Operational Research
and Optimization
Security and Privacy
Software Engineering
Modelling and
Simulation
Processing
Programming
Languages
Robotics, Automation
and Control
Ubiquitous Comp.
Web, Hypermedia,
Multimedia
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Computer Science Fields
Algorithms and Theory
Applied Computing
Artificial Intelligence
Bioinformatics
Circuit Conception
Comp. Architecture
Comp. Graphics
Comp. Networks and
Distributed Systems
Computer Vision
Data Mining
Databases
Embedded and RealTime Systems
Formalisms, Logics
and Semantics
Games and
Entertainment
Geoinformatics
Human-Comp.
Interaction
Informatics in
Education
Information Retrieval
Information Systems
Machine Learning
Modelling and
Simulation
Natural Language
Processing
Operation Systems
Operational Research
and Optimization
Programming
Languages
Robotics, Automation
and Control
Security and Privacy
Software Engineering
Ubiquitous Comp.
Web, Hypermedia,
Multimedia
Bioinformatics
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Summary




Introduction
Data Gathering
Results
Conclusions
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
General Statistics
Authors
Br
Ca-US
Fr-Sw-UK
357
1,008
488
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
General Statistics
Br
Ca-US
Fr-Sw-UK
Authors
357
1,008
488
Papers
4,405
40,039
8,764
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
General Statistics
Br
Ca-US
Fr-Sw-UK
Authors
357
1,008
488
Papers
4,405
40,039
8,764
Paper/Author
16.06
45.89
19.85
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
General Statistics
Br
Ca-US
Fr-Sw-UK
Authors
357
1,008
488
Papers
4,405
40,039
8,764
Paper/Author
16.06
45.89
19.85
Author/Paper
3.21
2.87
2.77
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component

A connected component is a maximum connected
subgraph
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component

A connected component is a maximum connected
subgraph
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component

A connected component is a maximum connected

subgraph
The largest connected component is the giant
component
Giant Component size = 5 / 11 = 0.45 = 45%
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component
Br
0.7815
Ca-US
0.7827
Fr-Sw-UK
0.2617
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component inside Programs
Br
Ca-US
Fr-Sw-UK
PUC-Rio
UFMG
0,83
0,76
Wisconsin
Harvard
0,71
0,70
USP-SC
0,73
Cornell
0,66
UFRGS
UFPE
UFRJ
UNICAMP
USP-SP
-
0,70
0,68
0,64
0,62
0,43
-
Stanford
Washington
Illinois
Princeton
B. Columbia
U Texas
CMU
UC Berkeley
Brown
MIT
Waterloo
Caltech
Average
Average 0,67
0,46
0,40
0,66
0,65
0,63
0,63
0,62
0,62
0,59
0,59
0,53
0,49
0,42
0,21
Oxford
Imperial College
École
Polytechnique
ETH Zurich
Cambridge
Paris IV
-
0,56
Average
0,30
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
0,30
0,26
0,25
0,12
-
Clustering Coefficient
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Clustering Coefficient


Clustering coefficient of the network is the
average clustering coefficient of its vertexes
The clustering coefficient is a measure of
transitivity
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Clustering Coefficient
Br
0.30
Ca-US
0.20
Fr-Sw-UK
0.38
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Computer Science Fields

Clustering Coefficient below the average (87%)
for fields closely related to Mathematics



Algorithms and Theory (79%)
Operational Reaseach and Optimization (83%)
Formalisms, Logics and Semantics (83%)
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Interrelationship between Fields
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Interrelationship between Fields
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component Evolution
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component Evolution
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component Evolution
Increase in the number of graduate programs in 1990s
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component Evolution
Increase in government funding
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component Evolution
A shift in policy: more support to research groups
instead of individuals
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component Evolution
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component Evolution
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Giant Component Evolution
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Edges vs Vertices
Inclination
Br
1.39
Ca-US
1.84
Fr-Sw-UK
1.23
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Clustering Coefficient Evolution


2 well-established fields
 Computer Architecture
 Databases
2 emerging fields
 Bioinformatics
 Geoinformatics
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Clustering Coefficient Evolution
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Clustering Coefficient Evolution
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Summary




Introduction
Data Gathering
Results
Conclusions
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Conclusions

Analysis of the characteristics of researchers of
Computer Science graduate programs
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Conclusions

Analysis of the characteristics of researchers of
Computer Science graduate programs

Differences in the collaboration network of Br, CaUS and Fr-Sw-UK
 Giant component
 Clustering coefficient
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Conclusions

Analysis of the characteristics of researchers of
Computer Science graduate programs

Differences in the collaboration network of Br, CaUS and Fr-Sw-UK
 Giant component
 Clustering coefficient

Smaller clustering coefficient for areas more
closely related to Mathematics
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Conclusions

Fast growth of the giant component in Brazil
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Conclusions

Fast growth of the giant component in Brazil

The number of edges grows faster than the
number of vertices in the three regions; faster
growth in Ca-US
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
Conclusions

Fast growth of the giant component in Brazil

The number of edges grows faster than the
number of vertices in the three regions; faster
growth in Ca-US

Densification of emerging fields
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
References
Laender, Lucena, Maldonado, Souza e Silva, Ziviani.
Assessing the Research and Education Quality of the Top
Brazilian Graduate Programs. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin,
40:135-145, June 2008.
Martins, Gonçalves, Laender, Ziviani. Assessing the
Quality of Scientific Conferences Based on Bibliographic
Citations. Scientometrics, to appear. 2009.
LAboratory for Treating INformation (LATIN) – UFMG - Brazil
?
Guilherme Vale Menezes
Nivio Ziviani
Alberto H. F. Laender
Virgílio Almeida
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Federal University of Minas Gerais - Brazil