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Learning targets 19. Describe how the sun’s energy causes global climate patterns and leads to a variety of biomes. Climate • Weather—daily conditions • Climate—average conditions • Temperature • Precipitation Climate: Greenhouse Effect • • Atmospheric gases trap heat energy Examples • • • CO2 CH4 H2O Climate: Latitude • Angle of sunlight makes a difference • Polar zones: • Low angle • Less energy absorption • Temperate zones • Changing angle of sun— seasons • Tropical • Angle of sun almost constant Climate: Heat Transport • Unequal heating (air/water) causes currents • Warm air/water rises • Cool air/water sinks • Creates prevailing winds • Creates ocean currents Climate: Landmasses • • • • Landmasses can interfere with currents Mountains Deserts Etc. Ecosystems: More on Interactions • Intraspecific competition • Between members of same species • Very intense • Interspecific competition • Between members of different species • Less intense Biomes • Complex of ecosystems • Characterized by soil and climate • Generally named for plants • Microclimate • Small local variations in climate Tropical Rain Forest • Climate • Hot/wet all year • Poor soil • Plants • Evergreen trees, vines, ferns • Wildlife • Insects, carnivores Savannah/Grassland • Climate • Warm, seasonal rain, frequent fires (lightning) • Plants • Perennial grasses, small shrubs • Wildlife • Grazers, BIG cats, etc. • Ex: Africa Desert • Climate: • Low rainfall (less than 10 inches a year) • Days hot, nights cold • Plants: • Succulents (hold water) • Animals • Active during night when it’s cooler • Predators use poisons & toxins to preserve energy Taiga Biome • Largest land biome!! • Climate • Cold winters (ave temp below freezing) & lots of snow • Summers warmer (days longer) & rainy • Plants • Conifers (evergreens) cluster together for warmth • Few deciduous trees • Animals • Summer: lots of birds & insects • Year-round: rabbits, small birds, lynx & bobcats Tundra • Climate • VERY COLD!!! • Soil frozen!!! Top layer thaws during summer when the sun shines for almost 24 hrs/day!!! • Plants • Only small plants like grasses or small bushes • Animals • Insects, migrating animals (caribou), penguins Deciduous Forest • Climate • Seasonal variation • Plants • Broad-leaf trees lose leaves during winter • Grasses and shrub either bloom before trees or live on the edge of forest • Animals • Deer, rabbits, bears, mice, squirrels, foxes, bears, cougars, etc Missouri • What type of Biome do we live in? • What phase of succession would the our plant life be in? • What effect are we having on our biome? LT 19 Learning Check •The greatest annual input and least seasonal variation in solar radiation occurs in the A) polar regions. B) temperate zones. C) Southern Hemisphere. D) tropics.
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