Download unit two study guide

ANATOMY 35 LAB UNIT TWO STUDY GUIDE
MUSCLE NAME LIST
Superficial muscles of the chest
1. Pectoralis major
2. Pectoralis minor
3. Pectoantebrachialis (cat only)
4. Xiphihumeralis (cat only)
Muscles of the shoulder
5. Levator scapula
6. Clavodeltoid (cat only; just “deltoid” in human)
7. Acromiodeltoid (cat only)
8. Spinodeltoid (cat only)
Deep muscles of shoulder
9. Supraspinatus
10. Infraspinatus
11. Subscapularis
12. Teres minor
13. Teres major
14. Rhomboideus major (more superior)
15. Rhomboideus minor (more inferior)
16. Spinalis dorsi (cat only)
17. Splenius (cat only)
#10-13
Rotator Cuff
Superficial muscles of back
18. Latissimus dorsi
19. Spinotrapezius (cat only; just “trapezius” in human)
20. Acromiotrapezius (cat only)
21. Clavotrapezius (cat only)
Muscles of arm and forearm
22. Biceps brachii
23. Brachialis
24. Triceps brachii, lateral head
25. Triceps brachii, long head
26. Triceps brachii, medial head
27. Brachioradialis
28. Pronator teres
Arm muscles
Antecubital fossa
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29. Palmaris longus
30. Flexor digitorum superficialis (cadaver only)
31. Flexor digitorum profundus
32. Flexor carpi radialis
33. Flexor carpi ulnaris
34. Flexor retinaculum (connective tissue, not muscle)
35. Extensor digitorum
36. Extensor carpi radialis longus (most lateral)
37. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
38. Extensor carpi ulnaris
Forearm flexors
Forearm extensors
Thumb muscles (cadaver only)
39. Extensor pollicis longus
40. Extensor pollicis brevis
41. Abductor pollicis longus
Deep muscles of the chest (rib area)
42. Serratus anterior
43. Serratus posterior (cadaver only)
44. Scalenus ventralis
45. Scalenus medius
46. Scalenus dorsalis
47. External intercostals
48. Internal intercostals
Muscles of the abdominal wall
49. Rectus abdominis
50. External oblique
51. Internal oblique
52. Transverse abdominis
Muscles of the thigh
53. Gluteus maximus
54. Gluteus medius
55. Gluteus minimus (cadaver only)
56. Psoas major (cadaver only)
57. Iliacus (cadaver only)
58. Caudofemoralis (cat only)
59. Tensor fascia latae
60. Rectus femoris
61. Vastus lateralis
62. Vastus medialis
63. Vastus intermedius
Buttock area
Quadriceps femoris
muscle group
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64. Sartorius
65. Gracilis
66. Pectineus
67. Adductor longus
68. Adductor magnus
69. Semimembranosus
70. Semitendinosus
71. Biceps femoris
Superficial thigh adductors
Deep thigh adductors
Hamstring
muscle group
Muscles of calf
72. Gastrocnemius
73. Soleus
74. Plantaris (tendon between gastrocnemius and soleus)
75. Flexor digitorum longus
76. Flexor digitorum brevis (cadaver only; bottom of foot)
77. Tibialis posterior (tendon at medial malleolus)
78. Tibialis anterior
79. Extensor digitorum longus
80. Peroneus longus (tendon at lateral malleolus, more posterior)
81. Peroneus brevis (tendon at lateral malleolus, more anterior)
Posterior calf
Anterior and medial calf
Lateral calf
Muscles of the head and neck
82. Platysma
83. Sternocleidomastoid
84. Digastric
85. Mylohyoid
86. Sternohyoid
87. Sternothyroid
88. Thyrohyoid
89. Masseter
90. Temporalis
Muscles of head and neck, cadaver only
91. Epicranius (frontalis)
92. Levator labii superioris
93. Zygomaticus
94. Orbicularis oculi
95. Orbicularis oris
96. Buccinator
Also know histology of muscles (smooth, skeletal, cardiac, neuromuscular junction)
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THESE ARE THE OIA’S YOU NEED TO KNOW
MUSCLES OF THE CHEST
N
Pectoralis major
O
clavicle, sternum, ribs
I
Greater tubercle of humerus
A
Flexes, adducts and rotates shoulder
N
O
I
A
Pectoralis minor
ribs 3-5
coracoid process of scapula
protracts and depresses scapula
MUSCLES OF THE ARM
N
Deltoid
O
clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
I
deltoid tuberosity
A
Abducts shoulder
N
O
I
A
Biceps brachii
coracoid process, supraglenoid tubercle
radial tuberosity
Flexes elbow, supinates elbow
N
Triceps brachii
O
I
scapula and posterior humerus
olecranon process of ulna
A
Extends elbow
N
O
I
A
Brachialis
humerus
coronoid process of ulna
Flexes elbow
Antagonist to Triceps
brachii
Antagonist to Biceps
brachii
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MUSCLES OF THE ANTECUBITAL FOSSA
N
Brachioradialis
O
lateral epicondyle of humerus
I
styloid process of radius
A
Flexes elbow
N
O
I
A
Pronator Teres
medial epicondyle of humerus
radius
Pronates forearm
EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM
N
Extensor digitorum
O
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I
distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A
Extends fingers and wrist
N
Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
O
I
A
lateral epicondyle of humerus
2nd and 3rd metacarpal
Extends and abducts wrist
N
O
I
A
Extensor carpi ulnaris
lateral epicondyle of humerus
5th metacarpal
Extends and adducts wrist
FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM
N
O
I
A
Palmaris longus
medial epicondyle of humerus
palmar aponeurosis
Flexes wrist
N
O
I
A
Flexor carpi radialis
medial epicondyle of humerus
2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Flexes and abducts wrist
5
N
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O
I
A
medial epicondyle of humerus
Medial metacarpals and carpals
Flexes and adducts wrist
N
Flexor digitorum superficialis (cadaver only)
O
I
A
Medial epicondyle of humerus and radius and ulna
Middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Flexes wrist
N
Flexor digitorum profundus
O
I
A
Ulna
Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Flexes wrist
THUMB MUSCLES (cadaver only)
N
Extensor pollicis longus
A
extends thumb
N
A
Extensor pollicis brevis
N
A
Abductor pollicis longus
extends thumb
extends and abducts thumb
RETINACULUM: These are not muscles, rather, connective tissue sheaths (straps)
around wrist ("retainers"). These "wrist bands" keep tendons from bulging outward when
their respective muscles are contracted.
N
Flexor retinaculum
N
Extensor retinaculum
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
N
Supraspinatus
O
supraspinous fossa
I
greater tubercle of the humerus
A
Abductsshoulder
N
O
I
A
Infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa
greater tubercle of the humerus
Rotates shoulder
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N
O
I
A
N
O
I
A
Subscapularis
subscapular fossa
lesser tubercle of humerus
Rotates shoulder
Teres Minor
scapula
greater tubercle of humerus
Adducts and rotates shoulder
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
N
O
I
A
Teres Major
scapula
Intertubercular grove of humerus
extends, adducts and rotates shoulder
N
Rhomboideus (major and minor)
O
spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
I
A
medial border of scapula
Retracts and elevates scapula
N
Trapezius
O
Occipital bone, spines of all cervical and thoracic vertebrae
I
A
Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Retracts, elevates, and depresses scapula
N
O
I
A
Latissimus dorsi
Spinous process of lower vertebrae
intertubercular groove of humerus
Extends, adducts and rotates shoulder
N
O
I
A
Serratus posterior (cadaver only)
Spinous process of C7-T3 and T10-L5 vertebrae
Superior border of ribs 2-5 and inferior border of ribs 8-12
Elevates and depresses ribs
Antagonist to Serratus Anterior
7
N
O
I
A
Levator scapulae
Transverse process of cervical vertebrae 1-4
Vertebral border of scapula
Elevates scapula
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN AND RIBS
N
Linea alba: connective tissue line running vertically; "white line"
N
O
I
A
Serratus anterior (“boxer’s muscle”)
Ribs 1-8
anterior aspect of medial (vertebral) border of scapula
Protracts scapula
N
External oblique
O
I
A
ribs
iliac crest, linea alba
Flexes and rotates torso, compresses abdomen
N
O
I
A
Internal oblique
Iliac crest
lower ribs
Flexes and rotates torso, compresses abdomen
N
O
I
A
Transversus abdominis
iliac crest and lower ribs
linea alba and pubis
Compresses abdomen
N
O
I
A
Rectus abdominis
pubis
Lower ribs and xiphoid process
Flexes torso
N
O
I
A
External intercostals
Inferior border of upper rib
Superior border of lower rib
Inspiration
N
Internal intercostals
Antagonist to Rhomboids
Antagonist to Internal
intercostals
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O
I
A
Superior border of lower rib
Inferior border of upper rib
Expiration
Antagonist to External
intercostals
PELVIC GIRDLE
N
O
I
A
Gluteus maximus
Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
gluteal tuberosity of femur
Extends and rotates hip
N
Gluteus medius
O
Iliac crest
I
A
greater trochanter of the femur
Abducts and rotates hip
N
O
I
A
Gluteus minimus (cadaver only)
Ilium
greater trochanter of the femur
Abducts and rotates hip
N
Psoas major
O
I
A
Transverse processes of T12-L5
lesser trochanter of femur
Flexes hip
N
O
I
A
Iliacus
Ilium
lesser trochanter of the femur
Flexes hip
N
O
I
A
Tensor fasciae latae
iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
iliotibial tract
Abducts hip
ANTERIOR THIGH (extensors of the knee and one flexor of the thigh)
(QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE GROUP)
N
Rectus femoris
9
O
I
A
N
O
I
A
anterior inferior iliac spine
tibial tuberosity
Extends knee and flexes hip
Vastus lateralis
linea aspera
patella and tibial tuberosity
Extends knee
N
O
I
A
Vastus medialis
linea aspera
patella and tibial tuberosity
Extends knee
N
O
I
A
Vastus intermedius
linea aspera
patella and tibial tuberosity
Extends knee
POSTERIOR THIGH (extensors of the thigh)
(HAMSTRINGS MUSCLE GROUP)
N
Semimembranosus
O
ischial tuberosity
I
medial condyle of tibia
A
Flexes knee and extends hip
N
O
I
A
Semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
tibia
Flexes knee and extends hip
N
O
I
A
Biceps femoris
ischial tuberosity and linea aspera
Lateral condyle of fibula and tibia
Flexes knee and extends hip
MEDIAL THIGH (all are adductors except Sartorius)
N
Sartorius
O
anterior superior iliac spine
10
I
A
N
tibia
Flexes knee and hip; abducts and rotates hip
O
I
A
Gracilis
Inferior ramus of pubis
tibia
flexes knee, adducts hip
N
O
I
A
Pectineus
pubis
posterior proximal femur
Flexes, adducts, and rotates thigh
N
O
I
A
Adductor longus
Inferior ramus of pubis
linea aspera of femur
Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh
N
O
I
A
Adductor magnus
Inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity
linea aspera of femur
Adducts, flexes and rotates hip
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR LEG
N
O
I
A
Gastrocnemius
medial and lateral condyles of femur
N
Soleus
O
Tibia and fibula
I
Calcaneus via Achilles tendon
A
Plantarflexes foot
Calcaneus via Achilles tendon
flexes knee; plantarflexes foot
N
Plantaris
O
Femur
I
Calcaneus
A
Flexes knee and plantarflexes foot
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR LEG
N
Tibialis anterior
Antagonist to Peroneus
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muscles
O
I
A
lateral condyle and shaft of tibia
First metatarsal and medial cuneiform
N
O
I
A
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Fibula
First metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Plantarflexion and eversion of foot
N
O
I
A
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
Fibula
5th metatarsal
Plantarflexion and eversion of foot
N
O
I
A
Extensor digitorum longus
Lateral condyle of tibia and fibula
Distal phalanges (dorsal surface)
Extends toes
N
O
I
A
Flexor digitorum brevis (cadaver only)
Calcaneus
Middle phalanges
Flexes toes
N
O
I
A
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibia
Distal phalanges, plantar surface
Flexes toes
Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
Antagonist to Tibialis
anterior
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK
N
Digastric “two bellies”
O
Mandible and mastoid process
I
hyoid bone
A
Opens mouth and depresses mandible
N
O
I
A
Mylohyoid
Mandible
Hyoid
Elevates hyoid
N
O
I
Sternocleidomastoid
manubrium and clavicle
mastoid process
12
A
Flexes head and rotates neck
N
O
I
A
Sternohyoid
manubrium
hyoid bone
Depresses hyoid
N
O
I
A
Sternothyroid
manubrium
thyroid cartilage
N
O
I
A
Thyrohyoid
thyroid cartilage
hyoid
Depresses hyoid or elevates larynx
N
O
I
A
Platysma
Fascia of chest and neck
Mandible and skin on neck
Tenses skin on neck and depresses mandible
Depresses thyroid cartilage
HEAD MUSCLES (facial expression); (cadaver only)
N
A
Epicranius (Frontalis)
raises eyebrows and pulls scalp posteriorly
N
Levator labii superioris
A
Raises upper lip
N
A
Zygomaticus
raises corners of mouth, smiling muscle
N
Orbicularis oculi
A
Closes eye
N
A
Orbicularis oris
Closes and puckers lips; kissing/whistling muscle
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION (cadaver only)
N
Buccinator
13
A
Compresses cheek (for whistling and sucking)
N
O
I
A
Masseter
zygomatic arch
angle and ramus of mandible
Elevates mandible
N
A
Temporalis
Closes jaw
HISTOLOGY OF MUSCLES
Smooth muscle: Found in organs
Nuclei
Skeletal muscle: moves the skeleton
Nuclei
Striations
Cardiac muscle
Intercalated discs
Nuclei
Striations
Neuromuscular Junction
Axon of motor neuron
Neuromuscular synapse
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
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