Download Napoleon PPT WS (full text)

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Napoleon Bonaparte
1769-1821
Name_____________________________
Mr. Oberholtzer K-212
Date_________________Pd.__________
Napoleon Powerpoint Presentation Notes Packet
Napoleons’ Rise to Power
Born 1769 on the Mediterranean Island of ______________ to poor family of noble origins
Corsica had been captured by the French; Napoleon’s French status was due to an ____________ of
__________________!
A French patron paid for the best education available for Napoleon; he was an exceptional student!
Sought career advancement in the French army
Character traits from the Enlightenment
_________________, ______________________, non-traditional, liberal, _____________________,
__________, individualistic, rational, ________________
Attended military school from ages ____ to ______ and became a lieutenant in the artillery
When the Revolution broke out Napoleon joined the army of the government
October 1795 - Napoleon became a hero by protecting the National Convention from a mob “whiff of
grapeshot”
The Directory in 1796 appointed Napoleon to lead the French army against _______________
Napoleon was victorious against the Austrians
Napoleon attempted to take on the British in ______________ in 1799 but was repelled, and Admiral
___________________ of the British naval fleet defeated the French naval forces in Egypt at the Battle
of the __________.
Early Triumphs of Napoleon Bonaparte
Joined French artillery corps as a lieutenant
Appointed commander at _____________ (1793)
British ships destroyed; British forced to evacuate; victory for Napoleon!
Appointed brigadier _____________________ at ______
Counter-revolution (1795)
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"Whiff of Grapeshot“—saves the National Convention from rioters; Napoleon rewarded with command
Commander of small army (1796-1797) in ________________.
Defeat of 4 armies in Austria
____st coalition against France collapsed
_____________ status in France
Military strategy (____________, ______________) brilliant!
Egypt invaded (1798) in an indirect attack on England; English fleet under Lord Nelson sank the French
fleet at the Battle of the Nile and forced Napoleon to flee Egypt. British win in Egypt, but Napoleon is still
revered
2nd coalition formed (1799-1801)
Napoleon returned to France to seize even more power in a coup d’etat in 1799, effectively ending the
French Revolution.
Napoleon Understood how to Motivate:
Inspirational Military Genius!
"A man will fight harder for his interests than for his rights.“
Napoleon was a realist, a superb strategist, tactician and evaluator of men. He understood how to
motivate his men to fight!
Napoleon Seizes Power in a Coup
In 1799 Napoleon returned from Egypt
November 1799 - Napoleon’s troops surround the National Legislature and formed a new government,
replacing the ____________________ and placing him in command.
The new government was composed of three _____________, one of whom was Napoleon
Napoleon took the seat of the first consul and seized power in a successful __________ d’ etat
____________________, ______________, and ______________________ were determined to drive
Napoleon from power
In 1800 a ___________________ or vote of the people approved a new constitution and gave all real
power to the first consul, Napoleon!
In 1804 Napoleon decided to make himself ______________________.
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On December 2, ___________ in Norte Dame Cathedral in Paris, Napoleon took the crown from the
Pope and placed it on his own head
With this gesture Napoleon signaled that he was more powerful than the church which had traditionally
crowned the rulers of France
First Consul (1799-1804)
Directory wanted stronger government
"Confidence from below, authority from above." – Abbé Sieyès
Set up 3 consuls to wield executive power; ____________________ rules as de facto _______________
Defeated ____nd coalition; Napoleon’s reputation grows
Napoleonic Wars—series of wars 1803-1815 involving Napoleon and the rest of Europe.
Napoleon tried to copy Caesar ___________________ in manner and outlook; saw himself as the
inheritor of the French _______________________ and the leader of the French nation, as well as the
vanguard of civilization!
"I closed the gulf of anarchy and brought order out of chaos. I rewarded merit regardless of
birth or wealth, wherever I found it. I abolished feudalism and restored equality to all regardless of
religion and before the law. I fought the decrepit monarchies of the Old Regime because the alternative
was the destruction of all this. I purified the Revolution.“
– Napoleon Bonaparte
Why Napoleon Had Support
The leading elements of the 3rd Estate (petty government officials, landowners, _____________,
__________________, _________________) had achieved most of their goals by __________
Had abolished hereditary _____________________, allowing people of talent to achieve wealth and
status
Were not really excited about sharing wealth with the poor
Peasants had also gotten what they wanted
Got their ________________
Got rid of feudal ___________________
People were tired of the chaos, and Napoleon appeared to be the man who would give them security
now that their privileges were won!
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________________ unified _______________ and brought order out of revolutionary chaos---he was
____________________!
Domestic Policy as First Consul:
______________________________ Ideals Empowered!
___________ of _______________________ (1804)—unified ___________ code; equality under the law
for everyone!
_____________ of France—centralized French _______________ system and stabilized the economy of
France
Centralized state government—_____________________organization with central powers to the
national bureaucracy; ________________________ management structure.
Relations with Catholic Church—_________________ the movement to de-Christianize France and
allowed the Catholic Church to function under the guise of religious tolerance, an
______________________ virtue.
Education system—universal ________________ education
Support of ___________________—endorsement and support for the ideals of science and scientists
who advance the knowledge of man
Napoleon’s Policies
Church-State Relations
Antireligious nature of French Revolution over
Concordat recognized influence of Roman Catholic Church
Economic Reforms
Established the Bank of France to regulate economy
More efficient ___________-collection system
_____________ Controls
_____________ and ____________________________
__________________________ Code developed
Order and authority over individual rights
Schools for government and military positions
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Legacy—Age of Napoleon
Democratic ideas
Equality before law (Napoleonic Code), representative system
Spread of nationalism (modern nation-state)
Emperor (1804-1814)
French ________________ made him their ___________________
Disappointment for some; ________ of the ________________________
Napoleon rules by ____________________
Attempts to increase presence in America
Territorial expansion and war
______rd Coalition (1805)
Military Accomplishments and Empire
Napoleon sold __________________ Territory in North America to the United States to gain money and
to punish the British
He annexed the Netherlands, parts of Italy, and controlled Switzerland
__________________, _______________, _________________, and Sweden joined forces to stop
Napoleon’s expansion
Napoleon crushed the opposition at the Battle of ____________________ in 1805, where Napoleon
heaped praise upon his troops for the historic victory
The defeated nations of , Austria, Russia, and Prussia signed peace treaties
The only undefeated enemy was _______________________________.
Napoleon’s only major loss came at the Battle of ________________________, where British Admiral
Horatio _____________________ defeated the French fleet on October 21, 1805
By _____________ Napoleon either controlled or had major influence in most of _____________
He used puppets in other countries to control them and even some members of his family
He held this largest extent of the Empire together from 1807 – 1812
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Continental System
Foreign policy of Napoleon revolved around __________________ Britain and enforcing
an___________________ on trade.
_________________ Decree (1806) Napoleon, controlling all of continental Europe, decreed that trade
with the British Isles was forbidden to all.
Failure of Continental System: __________________ controlled the _______ with her_____________!
British Orders in Council of 1807 directed the Royal Navy to blockade French ports and intercept French
sea traffic.
_____________ Decree of 1807 ordered that all neutral shipping using British ports or trading with
Britain were liable to be seized.
Ultimately the _____________________ System was ____________________ and Napoleon eventually
turned his attention to the continent, where _________________ dominated on __________.
Napoleonic Wars:
Europe v. Napoleon
War of the Third Coalition (1805)
Britain, Austria & Russia against France.
France lost at sea (Battle of _________________, but won on land, (battle of ___________________)
War of the Fourth Coalition (1806)
Britain, Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden
War of the Fifth Coalition (1809)
Austria & Britain against France
Treaty of __________________, signed on 14 October _______ ended the war. Napoleon was
victorious!
Napoleon’s Fall From Power
Napoleon’s desire to crush Britain forced him into serious mistakes
He started the Continental System or blockade of Britain and it was a ______________
________________ countered with their own _________________ of France that was more effective
due to the _____________________ of the British __________!
Napoleon was starved of resources!
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Napoleon’s Fall From Power
The ____________________ War (1807) in Portugal started a guerilla uprising against French troops in
Spain. Napoleon invaded Portugal and ______________.
The Invasion of ______________ in__________ was Napoleon’s most disastrous ______________
Napoleon’s ______________ raised hopes in Britain, Russia, Prussia and Sweden that he could be
vanquished.
Napoleon reorganized and reequipped his armies and faced the allied opposition at Leipzig, Germany,
October, 16 -19, 1813
Napoleon was defeated at ________________and the Allied forces rushed towards Paris
Napoleon’s Defeat (1809-1815)
Russian campaign
1812—invasion of Russia to eliminate threat in the east; 600,000 Grand ______________ captures
Moscow, but ___________________ earth strategy leaves no ________________,
_____________________ ensues!
Absolute defeat; Russian ________________ won! French troops ____________ and
__________________!
Only 40,000 men returned! Napoleon abandoned his army and got back to Paris 6 weeks before his
troops did.
Abdicated in 1814 and sent to island of Elba
Louis XVIII became the new constitutional monarch for France
Napoleon plots return to France
Napoleon’s Fall From Power
On April 13, 1814 Napoleon ratified the Treaty of ______________________, and the terms of
surrender and was banished or _____________ to the island of ___________.
A new king assumed the throne, Louis XVIII but he was very unpopular
Napoleon escaped from Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815
The French ________________ and the ______________ quickly rallied around him as he raised an
_______________ on the road to __________.
Napoleon quickly seized power and was again the _____________________of France
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The ______________ led by the Duke of _______________________ prepared for battle near the town
of ______________________, Belgium
On June _____, ____________ the Battle of _____________________ began and days later Napoleon
was defeated by the Allies in one of the most momentous battles in human history.
The Hundred Days (1815)
After Napoleon escaped from Elba and King Louis XVIII fled France, Napoleon ruled for short period
(_____ days) and organized French army for war against the allies.
Battle of Waterloo (1815)—
Napoleon sought to split the ______________ and ___________________, destroy each army and then
attack the ___________________.
Defeat in Belgium by the allies under the Duke of Wellington sealed Napoleon’s fate; he ________!
Napoleon was shipped to St __________________, a remote island in the South Atlantic, exiled until his
death in_____________ from stomach cancer (although he may have been poisoned by arsenic)
1840—Napoleon’s remains moved to Paris; celebrated as a hero!
Napoleon was pivotal in developing the modern ____________-_____________!
The __________________ of Europe was the broad cooperation between Europe's great powers after
1815. Its purpose was to maintain the peace settlement concluded at the Congress of Vienna following
the defeat of Napoleonic France. The Concert of Europe was also known as the _____________ System,
and the person at the forefront of the Concert of Europe was Klemens Wenzel von
____________________ of Austria. Specifically, the aim of the Concert of Europe was for the leading
nations in Europe - Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia - to work together to __________________ the
outbreak of _____________________ in each nation.
The Congress of Vienna met for the purpose of restoring order to Europe.
Klemens von Metternich’s 3 goals:
1
Make sure the French would not attack another country again
2
He wanted a balance of power so no one country would be a threat to another.
3
He wanted to return legitimacy back to the kings Napoleon had driven out.
Napoleon’s Accomplishments
He supported many of the changes of the French ___________________, including _________________
in ________________ life and destruction of privilege.
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He put the French economy on solid footing by setting up an efficient _______ collection system and a
national _________________ system
He overhauled the government to end corruption and improve ___________________;
______________________ in government jobs
He set up Lycees or government-run _________________________; ____________ public
__________________________!
He restored the position of the Catholic Church in France and allowed it to operate
He introduced a comprehensive set of laws known as the ________________________ Code, giving
France a uniform set of _______
He was greatly loved and admired by the French people as a hero of France.
His _______________________ style of ____________________ has been admired and emulated.
________________________ changed the map and the course of ___________________ Civilization!