Download CP Physiology Midterm Review Sheet[2014].

CP Physiology Midterm Review Sheet
Chapter 1
Anatomy vs. physiology
levels of structural organization
chemical level (simplest level)
atom, molecule
cellular level
cell – smallest living unit
tissue level
tissue
organ level
organ
organ system level
organ system
organismal level
organism
11 organ systems and functions
integumentary system
skeletal system
muscular system
nervous system
endocrine system
cardiovascular system
lymphatic system
respiratory system
digestive system
urinary system
reproductive system
necessary life functions
maintaining boundaries
movement
responsiveness
digestion (define)
metabolism (define)
excretion (define)
reproduction
growth
homeostasis
negative vs. positive feedback mechanisms
anatomical position
directional terms
regional terms
anterior landmarks
posterior landmarks
inferior landmark
section
sagittal section
frontal section
transverse section
dorsal body cavity
cranial cavity
spinal cavity
ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
diaphragm
abdominal areas (4 or 9)
Chapter 2
matter
inorganic compounds
water
salts
acids and bases
organic compounds
carbohydrates (C,H,O)
monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, maltose)
lipids (C,H,O)
proteins (C,H,O,N)
fibrous proteins (structural)
collagen & keratin
globular proteins
(functional)
antibodies, hormones, & enzymes
nucleic acids (C,H,O,N,P)
Chapter 3 Part I
cells
nucleus
plasma membrane (cell membrane)
microvilli
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosomes
rough ER vs. smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
lysosomes
peroxisomes
cilia
Chapter 3 Part II
tissue diagrams
tissues
epithelial tissue
functions
characteristics of epithelium
basement membrane
squamous cells
cuboidal cells
columnar cells
simple epithelium vs. stratified epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
goblet cells
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
transitional epithelium
endocrine vs. exocrine glands
connective tissue
characteristic of connective tissue
extracellular matrix
types of connective tissue
bone
cartilage
hyaline cartilage
dense connective tissue
tendons
ligaments
loose connective tissue
areolar tissue
adipose tissue
blood
muscle tissue
types of muscle tissue:
skeletal muscle
cells
cardiac muscle
cells
intercalated disks
smooth muscle
cells
nervous tissue
Chapter 4
mucous membranes
serous membranes
parietal layer vs. visceral layer
peritoneum
pleura
pericardium
Integumentary System (Skin)
skin diagram
basic skin functions
keratin
epidermis (characteristics, components)
dermis (characteristics, components)
subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
dermis
papillary layer
fingerprints
reticular layer
skin color
melanin
carotene
hemoglobin
cutaneous glands
sebaceous glands
sebum (triggered by male hormones)
acne
sweat glands
eccrine vs. apocrine glands
hair follicle
arrector pili
athlete’s foot
cold sores
contact dermatitis
impetigo
blackheads v. whiteheads
alopecia
burns
rule of nines
first-degree burn
second-degree burn
third-degree burn
malignant melanoma
ABCD rule
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Chapter 5
axial skeleton vs. appendicular skeleton
functions of the bones:
support
protection
movement
storage (calcium, phosphorus)
hematopoiesis
compact vs. spongy bone
4 groups of bones (and examples)
long bones
short bones
sesamoid bones
flat bones
irregular bones
long bone structure
diaphysis
periosteum
epiphyses
articular cartilage
epiphyseal line
epiphyseal plate
medullary cavity
yellow marrow v. red marrow
microscopic long bone structure
osteocytes
lacunae
lamellae
central canals
osteon
canaliculi
bone fractures
closed (simple) v. open (compound) fractures
common fractures:
comminuted
compression
depressed
impacted
spiral
greenstick
bone healing
hematoma
fibrocartilage callus
bony callus
bone remodeling occurs
axial skeleton
sinuses
fontanelles
skull
cranium
frontal bone
parietal bones
temporal bones
occipital bone (foramen magnum)
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone
facial bones
maxillary bones
palantine bones
zygomatic bones
lacrimal bones
nasal bones
vomer bone
inferior nasal conchae
mandible
hyoid bone
vertebral column
vertebrae
intervertebral discs
cervical vertebrae (7)
atlas (C1)
axis (C2)
thoracic vertebrae (12)
lumbar vertebrae (5)
sacrum
coccyx
bony thorax
sternum (xiphoid process)
ribs
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs
appendicular skeleton
shoulder girdle
clavicle
scapula
upper limbs
humerus
radius
ulna
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
pelvic girdle
sacrum
coxal bones
ilium
ischium
pubis
lower limbs
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
joints
synovial joints
plane joint
hinge joint
pivot joint
condyloid joint
saddle joint
ball-and-socket joint
bursitis
sprain
arthritis
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
gout
osteoporosis