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Study Guide #1 The Twelve Gods of Olympus A. Zeus One of the 5 children of the Titans, Cronus and Rhea Supreme/chief Greek god Lord of the sky Many lovers Power greater than all the rest combined Animal = eagle Tree = oak Symbol = aegis Hera is wife/sister B. Hera One of the 5 children of the Titans, Cronus and Rhea Wife/sister of Zeus Protector of marriage—wives and mothers Often punished Zeus’ lovers Animals = cow and peacock City = Argos Vain and arrogant C. Poseidon One of the 5 children of the Titans, Cronus and Rhea God of the sea 2nd in power to Zeus Gave humanity the horse Responsible for earthquakes…often called “Earth Shaker” Symbol = trident Controlled …caused/prevented storms D. Hades One of the 5 children of the Titans, Cronus and Rhea Ruler of the underworld, but he is NOT Death Kidnapped/married Persephone Had invisibility cap Had information about the wealth in the ground Brother to Zeus E. Athena Daughter of Zeus alone…came from his head Goddess of wisdom and weaving A battle goddess Zeus’ favorite child Temple = Parthenon Gave humanity olives Animal = owl City = Athens A maiden goddess F. Apollo God of truth and light Archer god God of music…plays the lyre God of healing Twin brother to Artemis One of Zeus’ sons Oracle was at Delphi Animal = crow Sometimes associated with the sun G. Artemis Twin sister to Apollo…a daughter of Zeus Goddess of the hunt…associated with the bow Protector of the young A maiden goddess Lady of the Wild Things Associated with the moon Animal = deer H. Aphrodite Goddess of beauty and love Married to Hephaestus…lover to Ares Men and gods found her irresistible Said to have come from the foam of the sea Animals = swan and dove I. Hermes Zeus’ messenger god Fast…winged sandals and helmet Magic wand called a caduceus Appears in myth more than anyone One of Zeus’ sons Smartest of the gods J. Ares God of war Associated with fighting and destruction Son of Zeus and Hera, but they hated him Had no city where he was worshipped Animals = vulture and dog K. Hephaestus God of fire and the forge Forger of weapons but peaceful Deformed Sometimes the son of Zeus and Hera…sometimes Hera’s alone as revenge for Zeus having Athena Husband of Aphrodite L. Hestia One of the 5 children of the Titans, Cronus and Rhea Sister of Zeus Not found in many myths Goddess of home and hearth Maiden goddess Meals began and ended with offerings to her Each city had a public hearth dedicated to her. The fire was never allowed to go out. #2 The Lesser Gods and Mythological Characters of Olympus A. Eros God of love Sometimes seen as the son of Ares and Aphrodite Carried a magical bow Often depicted as being blindfolded to show that “love is blind” B. Hebe Goddess of youth Cupbearer to the gods…she carried the drink of ambrosia for the gods Daughter of Zeus and Hera Later marries Hercules C. Iris Goddess of the rainbow Zeus’ secondary messenger…after Hermes D. The Graces Triplets of Zeus and a Titan Symbols of grace and beauty They entertained the gods E. The Muses 9 daughters of Zeus and a Titan They were in charge of the arts #3 The Gods and Mythological Characters of the Waters A. Ocean A Titan Was thought to be the river than circled the earth B. Triton Trumpeter of the Sea C. Proteus Son of Poseidon He can tell the future A shape-shifter…he can change his shape D. Naiads Water fairies…female Often connected with fertility and crop growth #4 The Gods and Mythological Characters of the Underworld A. Charon Ferryman of the Underworld. He ferries the dead across a river to the shores of Hades B. Cerberus 3-headed guard-dog Allows souls to enter but not leave C. Acheron, Cocytus Styx Some of the rivers located in Hades D. The Furies Punishers of evil-doers They were fair. E. Sleep and Death Brothers in Hades They send dreams to people. #5 The Lesser Gods and Mythological Characters of the Earth A. Demeter Goddess of agriculture Associated with grain and the harvest Zeus’ sister She gets her own chapter in the book because she was a favorite of the people. Daughter was Persephone, the maiden Hades kidnaps and marries B. Dionysus God of wine and revelry Gets his own chapter because he was so important to the people A son of Zeus C. Pan Associated with the forest Son of Hermes A satyr…goat-man Sounds of the wilderness were associated with him…PANIC D. Castor and Pollux Twins of Zeus They become a constellation in the sky. They protected sailors. E. Satyrs Goat men Found in wild places Scare tactic for young girls…they would attack women who walked alone F. nymphs Fairy-like creatures…female Some are for springs and rivers—naiads Some are for mountains Some are for forests G. Boreas, Notus, Eurus, Zephyr The 4 winds—North, South, East, and West H. Centaurs Part horse, part man Savage and violent I. Gorgons Dragon-like creatures with snakes for hair Can turn men to stone with a look… “if looks could kill” J. Sirens Sea demons who lured men to their deaths with song Some areas believed no one ever lived to sea one and describe it. Other areas describe them as part bird, part woman K. Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos The Fates The spinner of the life thread The giver to lots and fate The cutter of the thread #6 Two Roman Gods A. Saturn Protector of sowers and seed Often associated with Cronus, the leader of the Titans B. Janus God of beginnings God with 2 faces…one looking back and one looking forward January from him