Download Horses im dose 0.4-0.8 mg/kg give good sedation, muscle tremor

Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
2-Butyrophenone
Minimal effect cardiovascular and respiratory
system, Slight hypotension, Potent antiemetics
Azaperone:
Horses i.m dose 0.4-0.8 mg/kg give good sedation, muscle tremor
and sweat , i.v may be cause violent excitement horse
Droperidol:
Potent neuroleptic , extermely potent anti-emetic, antagonize
respiratory depressant effects of morphine, it can used with combine
with fentanyl in horses.
Fluanisone
Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
3-Benzodiazepines
Depression of limbic system, muscle-relaxant properties, inhibition
neurone at spinal level, drug very safe, limited effect CVS
Diazepam:
Insolubale in water, solvent benzoic acid, ethanol, Sodium benzoate,
should not mixed with other drugs, premeditation increase length of
action, prior to ketamine
Midazolam
Zolazepam
Dose: 0.2-1 mg/kg B.W.
Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
4-α2 adrenoceptor agonists
Clinical actions of α2 adrenoceptor agonists
Xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine: Action same
but there is difference length of action , major
side effect cardiovascular system, bradycardia
stimulation vagus nerve, hypotension
Significant uterine Stimulation
very early and late pregenancy
Abortion in
Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
Xylazine:
Horses, dogs and cats require 10 times needed in cattle, sedation even
less in horse than cattle, can given i.v., i.m., s/c, horse stay standing
position in cow , small ruminiant may be recumbent
Side effect: muscle twitching in sheep, sweating horse, vomiting at onset
dogs& cats. Increased uterine production, Salivation ruminants
Used as premedications, reduce dose of G.A, combination with other
anesthetic drugs like ketamine
Dose: Ruminants 0.05-0.1 mg/kg , Horse, Dog 0.5-1 mg/kg
Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
Detomidine:
Similar action of Xylazine more power due to more specfic α2 adrenoceptor
Has no effect uterus, not cause abortion,less dose than xyalzine
Horse 40-80 µg /kg, Cattle, 20-40 µg /kg
Medetomidine:
Is very potent and selective α2 adrenoceptor, central and
peripheral system
New product:
Romifidine
Antagonist of α2 adrenoceptor agonists Yohimbine, idazoxan, atipameziole
Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
Analgesia:
Analgesia an be provided by :
1- Use of local Anaesthesia
2- Use of opioid drugs
3- use of α2 adrenoceptor agonists
Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
Opioid analgesics
Provided analgesia, Wide range of side effects (Respiratory depression)
nausea and vomiting dogs, constipation, high dose horse and cats
cause excitement, high dose antagonist analesic effect of low dose.
General action
Uses: it used provided analgesia before, during and after surgery
Mixed with sedative drugs chemical control
Premedications with anesthetic drugs
Butrophenol:
Morphine
Pethidine
Fentanyl
Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
Hydromorphone 0.10 to 0.20 mg/kg
Oxymorphone
0.05 to 0.10 mg/kg
Morphine
0.50 to 1.0 mg/kg
Fentanyl
0.005 to 0.010 mg/kg
Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
Butorphanol (only)
a) General Description
i) Mixed agonist/antagonist opioid with short duration and
very mild sedative effects
Patient selection
i) Recommended use
(1)In patients where:
(a)Acepromazine use is a concern
(b)Some analgesia and mild sedation is desired
Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
Cautionary information
(1)The duration of analgesic effect is very short
(a)45 to 60 minutes in the dog
(b)60 to 90 minutes in the cat
a) Dosage
i) Dog
0.10 to 0.40 mg/kg (0.05 to 0.2 mg/lb)
ii)Cat
0.10 to 0.40 mg/kg (0.05 to 0.2 mg/lb)
iii)Increased dosages are NOT associated with an increase in
analgesia
(1)Doses exceeding 0.4 mg/kg (0.2 mg/lb) can cause
undesirable excitatory effects
iv)Routes of administration
(1)IV, IM, or SC
Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia
Muneer S. Al-Badrany
General Pharmacology of Parental anesthetic agent
The intravenous anesthetics are particularly useful
for the induction of anesthesia which is to be
continued by an inhalation technique, or where
anesthesia of only short duration is required.
A significant difference between the intravenous
anesthetics and those given by inhalation is that the
action of intravenous agents is not as quickly
reversible because unlike the inhalation agents they
cannot be recovered from the patient.