Download Review Packet - Madeira City Schools

APES Review
Intro, cycles, and laws
Weather and
Climate
Angle of sun and how it affects seasons
Air pressure
Albedo
Coriolis Effect
Distance from oceans (or large bodies of water)
Humidity or moisture content of air
Mountain range and Rain shadow effect
Hadley air circulation cells
Atmospheric circulation
Polar air circulation cells
El Nino
La Nina
Cycles
Carbon Cycle
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Decomposition and respiration
Nitrogen Cycle
Fix-NAD AMPAN
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrification
Assimilation
Ammonification
Denitrification
Phosphorus Cycle
Not in atmosphere
Limiting factor in aquatic systems
Human effect
Sulfur Cycle
Anthropogenic and Natural Causes of H2S
Pollution
Water Cycle
Evaporation
Transpiration
Condensation
Infiltration
Runoff
Precipitation
Conservation Laws
Conservation of matter
1st law of thermodynamics
2nd law of thermodynamics
Laws and Treaties
NEPA
Endangered Species Act
Marine Mammal Protection Act
Safe Drinking Water Act
Clean Water Act
Clean Air Act
Kyoto Act
Montreal Protocol
RCRA
CERCLA
Federal Mine and Health Act
Yellowstone National Park Act
FIFRA
RSCA
CITES
IPCC
Earth Structure
Core
Mantle
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Crust – oceanic, continental
Plate Tectonics
Seafloor Spreading
Transform, divergent, and convergent boundaries
Volcanoes
APES Review
Ecology
Ecosystem Interactions
Commensalism
Competition
Mutualism
Parasitism
Predation
Keystone Species i.e. Grizzly bear, sea
stars, sea otters, prairie dogs
Generalist species
Specialist species
Indicator Species
Engineer Species
Biomes
Benthic Zone
Coastal zone – estuaries, wetlands, coral
reefs
Chaparral
Tundra
Coniferous forest
Tropical rain forest
Tropical deciduous forest
Temperate deciduous forest
Temperate rain forest
Desert
Grassland – tropical or temperate
Taiga
Savanna
Edge effects
Trophic Levels
Primary producers (autotrophs)
Primary consumers (heterotrophs)
herbivores
Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers
Detritivores
Decomposers
Biomass pyramid
Net Primary Productivity
Gross Primary Productivity
Respiration
Niche
Natural Selection
Stabilizing selection
Directional selection
Disruptive selection
Ecosystem Services
Instrumental vs. Intrinsic
Provisions
Regulating Service
Support Service
Resilience
Cultural
Intrinsic
Succession
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
Pioneer Species
Other Stuff
Theory of Island Biogeography
Acronyms
BOD
DDT
DO
K
N2
NO2 NO, NOx
O2
O3
pH
APES Review
Population
Population Ecology
Carrying Capacity (k)
Reproductive Strategies
K selected species
R selected species
Survivorship
Type I
Type II
Type III
J shaped curve
S shaped curve
Fluctuations around carrying capacity
Metapopulations
Distributions
Random
Clumped
Uniform
Human Population
Fertility rate
Replacement fertility
Growth rate
Doubling time
Rule of 70
Age structure diagrams
Strategies for sustainability
India
China
Africa
Japan
CBR
CDR
Immigration
Emigration
Population Momentum
IPAT
GDP
Demographic Transition
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
APES Review
Land and Water Use
Agriculture
Agroforestry
Alley cropping
Crop rotation
Industrial (high-input) agriculture
Intercropping
Low-till, no-till, or conservation-till agriculture
Monoculture
Organic farming
Subsistence agriculture
Green revolution (1950-1970) Pros and Cons
Genetic engineering (GMO) Pros and Cons
Sustainable agriculture
Soil management
Species diversity
Pesticides
Biological
Organic or natural
Inorganic (chemical)
Integrated pest management
Polyculture
Intercropping
Pest-repellent crops
Mulch
Microorganisms
Natural predators
Crop rotation
Pheromones or hormone interrupters
Sterilized insects
GM crops
Traps
Ecological Services
Wildlife habitats
Carbon sinks
Affecting local climate patterns
Purifying air and water
Reducing soil erosion for watershed
Providing energy and nutrient cycling
Deforestation
Even-age vs. Uneven-age management
Selective cutting
Clear-cutting
Strip cutting
Tree plantations
Federal Land Policy and Management Act
Rangelands
Tragedy of the Commons
Overgrazing
Desertification
BLM
Development
Planned development
Suburban sprawl and urbanization
Transportation infrastructure
Land Conservation
Preservation
Remediation
Mitigation
Restoration
Mining
Subsurface
Strip mining
Mountaintop Removal
Dredging
Fishing
Bottom trawling
Drift net
Long line
Over fishing
Aquaculture
Water
Fresh water supply (3% -- much of that in glaciers)
Groundwater
Cone of depression
Aquifer – confined or unconfined
Artesian well
Recharge zones
Saltwater intrusion
Salinization
% Water usage (70% agriculture, 20% industrial,
10% residential)
% Indoor usage (40% toilet flushing, 32% bathing,
20% laundry/cleaning)
Irrigation
Furrow, flood spray, drip
US Government Agencies
BLM
DOE
EPA
FDA
FWS
NMFS
NOAA
NPS
USDA
OSHA
USGS
CDC
APES Review
Pollution, Health, and Waste
Air Pollution
NOx
Ozone O3 Tropospheric and Stratospheric
SO2 Acid Rain
PM10 and PM2.5
VOC’s
Smog -Pb, Hg, Arsenic
Acid Deposition – causes and effects
Heat Islands
Temperature Inversions
Indoor Air Pollution – developing countries
and developed countries
CO2
Water Pollution
Cultural Eutrophication
Bioaccumulation/ Biomagnification
Fecal Coli form
eColi
Turbidity Tb
pH
Phosphates
Nitrates
Dissolved Oxygen DO
Biological Oxygen Demand BOD
Pb, Hg, As
Ammonia
TDS
TSS
Ppm, ppb
Water Treatment
Disinfection
Filtration
Flocculation/Sedimentation
Bioremediation
Solid Waste
Primary Treatment
Secondary Treatment
Tertiary Treatment
Chlorine, ozone, UV radiation
Catchers, screens, gravity
Precipitate, alum
Using microorganisms
Organic
Radioactive
Recyclable
Toxic
Amounts and types of MSW
RCRA
CERCLA (superfund)
NIMBY
Waste Removal Methods
(Know pros and cons)
Incineration
Composing
Sanitary Landfill
Open Dumping
Ocean dumping
Recycling
Reuse
Health
Acute vs. Chronic
Dose Response studies, LD50 and ED50
Asbestos
Carbon Monoxide
Lead
Ozone
PM10 and PM2.5
Carcinogen
Dermatogens
Neurotoxin
Allergen
Endocrine disruptors
Synergistic effects
Prospective vs. retrospective
Diseases
Developing vs. Developed
Historical vs. Emergent
Infectious
Plague
Malaria
Tuberculosis
HIV/AIDS
Mad Cow
Ebola
Bird flu
West Nile Virus
Risk
Risk Assessment
Risk Acceptance
Risk Management
Precautionary Principle
Innocent-Until-Proven-Guilty Principle
APES Review
Energy
Forms
Mechanical – potential and kinetic
Thermal
Chemical
Electrical
Nuclear
Units of Energy/Power
BTU
Watt
Joule
Mega
Kilo
Giga
Laws and other terms
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Hubbert’s curve
Half-life
US Energy production
US Energy Consumption
US Energy use by sector
Energy Types
Oil 18%, Natural gas 27%, Coal 33%,
Nuclear 10%, Renewable 14%
Oil 39%, Natural gas 23%, Coal 23%,
Nuclear 7%, Renewable 7%
Transportation 27%, Industrial 38%,
Residential/Commercial 36%
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Synfuels
Nuclear
Hydroelectric
Wind
Solar
Biomass
Hydrogen fuel cell
Tidal
Oil shale
Renewable vs. nonrenewable
Energy conservation
Geothermal
CAFÉ standards
Hybrid vehicles
Passive solar
APES Review
Global Change
Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse gases
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous oxide
VOC’s
Water vapor
Carbon sequestration
Global warming
Mitigation
Ozone
CFC's
UV B and UV-C
Stratospheric vs. tropospheric
Impacts and Consequences of Global
Warming
Acidification
Changes in tropospheric weather patterns
Displacement of people
Ecological productivity
Forest fires
Glacier melting
Increased health effects
Increase in disease
Increased property loss
Loss in economic development
Loss of biodiversity
Releases of methane from hydrates in
coastal sediments and thawing permafrost
regions
Rise in sea level
Slowing or shutdown of thermohaline in
circulation
Loss of Biodiversity
Habitat destruction
Climate change
Overuse
Pollution
Introduced species
CITES
Endangered Species Act
Convention of Biological diversity
Effects of Ozone Depletion
Increases in skin cancer
Increases in sunburns and damage to the
skin
Increases in cataracts of the eye
Reduction in crop production
Reduction in growth of phytoplankton and
its effect on to food chain
Increases in mutations since UV radiation
causes changes in DNA structure
Cooling of the stratosphere
Reduction of body’s immune system
Climatic change