Download DISASTER PROTECTION. Part II

DISASTER PROTECTION
A Time-Dependent and PolicyDriven Process to Protect a City’s
Transportation Systems From
Disaster
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
THE FOCUS:
FROM UN—PROTECTED
TO
PROTECTED TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
A CITY CAN BECOME
DISASTER RESILIENT
WHEN …
ITS PEOPLE, BUILDINGS,
INFRASTRUCTURE, ESSENTIAL AND
CRITICAL FACILITIES ARE PROTECTED
BY CODES & STANDARDS AGAINST
THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF
LIKELY NATURAL HAZARDS
RISK ASSESSMENT
•NATURAL HAZARDS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: DISASTER
RESILIENCE
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
COMMUNITY
FOUR PILLARS OF
RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY IENCE
A DISASTER OCCURS WHEN
A COMMUNITY’S PUBLIC
POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BE …
UN—PREPARED
UN—PROTECTED
UN—ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY
UN (NON)--RESILIENT
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
• Provide an essential function to
society by moving people and
goods from point “A” to point “B”
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
• Types: Roads, railroads, mass
transit, water-borne and air
transport systems, and
pipelines
• Scales: urban, regional,
national, and international.
ELEMENTS OF
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
• Built infrastructure
• roads, runways,
airports, terminals,
railways, stations,
canals, ports, traffic
control centers,
maintenance and
operation facilities,
pipelines, etc.
• Operations side
• vehicles, traffic
safety and control,
power, communications and
signaling,
maintenance,
transportation
operators, etc.
FEATURES THAT AFFECT
RESILIENCY
Extend over broad geographical
areas (exposed to many kinds of
natural hazards)
Large number of components that
are subject to either POINT or
AREA failure (multiple types of
vulnerabilities).
FEATURES THAT AFFECT
RESILIENCY (Continued)
Roadways and railways frequently
follow river valleys (easier and
cheaper to build, but prone to
floods)
Utilities, including pipelines, often
follow right-of-ways (reduces legal
problems and costs)
FEATURES THAT AFFECT
RESILIENCY (Continued)
Multiple entities have
responsibility for, or oversight
of the system (variable policies)
Typically owned by public
entities and publicly funded
(usually self-insured)
FEATURES THAT AFFECT
RESILIENCY (Continued)
Different modes of transportation are interconnected
They interact with each other
and other elements of a
community’s built environment; hence, the name, “City
Lifeline Systems”.
WITHOUT PROTECTION (i.e.,
building codes and lifeline
standards), NATURAL DISASTERS
CAN, AND USUALLY DO, CAUSE
GREAT LOSS OF FUNCTION IN
CITY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
 HIGHWAY SYSTEMS: CAN
LOSE FUNCTION FROM:
Flooding from tropical storms,
hurricanes, and typhoons,
Landslides (rock falls, spreads,
slides, flows)
Earthquakes (ground shaking)
 AIR TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
CAN LOSE THEIR FUNCTION
FROM:
Earthquakes (ground shaking
and ground failure)
Tsunamis (tsunami wave run up)
Tornadoes (wind damage)
SENDAI AIRPORT: COVERED
WITH MUD FROM TSUNAMI
SENDAI AIRPORT: COVERED
WITH CARS, MUD, & DEBRIS
TORNADO DAMAGES LAMBERT
AIRPORT; ST LOUIS, MO, UISA
 RAILROAD SYSTEMS CAN
LOSE THEIR FUNCTION
FROM:
Earthquakes (ground shaking
and ground failure)
JAPAN: PASSENGERS
STRANDED IN SENDAI STATION
 PIPELINE SYSTEMS CAN
LOSE THEIR FUNCTION
FROM:
Earthquakes (ground shaking
and ground failure)
DISASTER RESILIENCE
REQUIRES CITIES TO ADOPT AND
IMPLEMENT PUBLIC POLICIES TO MOVE
AWAY FROM THE STATE OF BEING:
UN—PREPARED
UN—PROTECTED
UN—ABLE TO RESPOND
AND NON--RESILIENT