Download the world population distribution density and

THE WORLD POPULATION DISTRIBUTION DENSITY AND GROWTH
OBJECTIVES : After studying this topic students
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
will be able to
Realize that people are only real wealth
Only Human resource uses other resources
Country is known by its people
Acquire the knowledge of population composition
Understand the pattern of population distribution
Understand the factors influencing the distribution of population
SUMMARY
PATTERN OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION . DENSITY OF POPULATION, FACTORS
INFLUENCING DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION, GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS, CONOMIC
FACTGORS SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS, POPULATION GROWTH, COMPONENTS OF
POPULATION CHANGE , MIGRATION, TRENDS IN POPULATION GROWTH, DOUBLING TIME
OF WORLD POPULATION,SPATIAL PATTERN OF POPULATION CHANGE, IMPACT OF
POPULATION CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC TGRANSITION, POPULATION CONTROL MEASURES
TRANSCRIPT
THE WORLD POPULATION DISTRIBUTION DENSITY AND GROWTH
PATTERN OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN THE WORLD
1. Population distribution and Density help us to understand the demographic
characteristics of any area.
2. Population distribution refers to the way people are spaced over the earth’s surface
3. 90% of population lives in 10% of land area
4. 10 most populous countries contribute 60% of the world’s population
5. Out of 10 countries 6 countries are located in Asia
6. 1. China 2. India, 3. USA 4. Indonesia 5. Brazil 6. Pakistan 7.CIS 8. Bangladesh 9. Japan
10. Nigeria
DENSITY OF POPULATION
1.Each unit of land has limited capacity to support people living on it.
2. it is necessary to understand the ratio between the numbers of people to the size of
Land.
3. It is the ratio between number of people and the unit of the land
4. It is measured in persons per sq. km
Population
1,50,000
Density of population =_________________ Density= _______________ = 1500/sq.km
Area
100
5. DENSELY POPULATED AREAS : Areas with more than 200 persons per sq.km
A. North Eastern part of USA
B. North Western part of Europe
C. South, South East and East Asia
LEAST DENSELY POPULATED AREAS : ( Less than 1 person /sq.km)
A. North and South poles
B. B. Hot and cold deserts
C. C. Heavy rainfall zones
D. Mountain areas
MEDIUM DENSITY AREAS : (11 to 50 persons /S.Q. km)
A. Western China
B. Southern India
C. Norway , Sweden
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
1. Geographical factors
(i) Availability of water:
 People prefer to live in the areas where fresh water is available.
 Water is used for drinking, washing, bathing, cooking, cattle, crops,
industries, and navigation
 River valleys are most densely populated areas of the world
(ii) Land forms:
 People prefer to live on plain and gentle slopes
 Such areas are suitable for growing crops and build roads, and buildings
 Hilly areas do not favour such conditions so they are less populated
 Ganga plains are most densely populated where as Himalayas are least densely
populated
(iii) Climate
 Extreme climates are unsuitable for human habitation such as Hot and Cold
 Deserts.
 Areas with less seasonal variation attract more people
 Areas with heavy rain fall also unsuitable for habitation
 Mediterranean regions attract more people
(iv) Soils:
 Fertile soils are suitable for cultivation of crops
 Ex. Indo Gangetic plains have thick population
 Thicker the fertile soils and thicker the population
 Mountain slopes and hot deserts have less population
2. ECONOMIC FACTORS
(i)
Minerals:
 Areas with mineral deposits attract more industries
 Mining and industrial activities attract more people
 Skilled and semi skilled workers settled in these areas
 Katanga –Zambia are good examples
(ii)
(iii)
Urbanisation
 Cities offer better employment opportunities
 Provide educational and medical facilities
 Better means of communication
 Good civic amenities
 Cities attract rural migration
Industrialisation
 Industrial belts provide job oppornuties
 Also attract transport operators, shopkeepers, bank employees,
doctors, teachers and others
 The Kob-Osaka Region is an example
3. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS
Religious and cultural centers attract more people
Places of political and social unrest push the people
Some times Government provide people incentives to move away from the centers
Ex. Delhi. Mumbai
POPULATION GROWTH
DEF: THE CHANGE IN NUMBER OF INHABITANTS OF A TERRITORY DURING A
SPECIFIC PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED POPULATION GROWTH
 It may be + ve or –ve
 It can be expressed in absolute numbers or %
 It is an indicator of economic development social upliftment, historical
and cultural background of the region
BASIC CONCEPTS OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
GROWTH OF POPULATION: Change in population in particular area between
two points of time is known as growth of population
GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION: Change of population expressed in
percentage
NATURAL GROWTH OF POPULATION: population increased by difference
between births and deaths in a particular region between two points of time.
NATURAL GROWTH = Births-Deaths
ACTUAL GROWTH OF POPULATION= Births-Death + In Migration – Out
Migration
POSITIVE GROWTH OF POPULATION: When Birth rate is more then Death rate
or when people migrated from other countries to a region.
NEGATIVE GROWTH OF POPULATION: When Birth rate falls below Death rate
or people migrate to other regions.
COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE
THERE ARE THREE COMPONENTS
1. BIRTHS 2. DEATHS 3. MIGRATION
BI
CRUDE BIRTH RATE: ---- X 1000
P
CBR: CRUDE BIRTH RATE
Bi: Live births during the year
P: Mid Year population of the area
Death rate plays an active role in population chage
Population change comes either by increasing Birth rate or decreasing death
rate
CDR; CRUDE DEATH RATE is expressed in terms of number of deaths in a
particular year per thousand of population in a particular region
It is calculated as
D
CDR
=------------ X 1000
P
CDR; CRUDE DEATH RATE
D= NUMBER OF DEATHS
P= ESTIMATED MID YEAR POPULATION OF THAT YEAR
Large mortality rates are affected by the region’s demographic structure,
social advancement and levels of its economic development
MIGRATION:
APART FROM BIRTH RATE AND DEATH RATE MIGRATION ALSO INFLUENCE THE
POPULATION CHANGE
1. WHEN PEOPLE MOVE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER THE FROM WHICH
THEY MOVE IS CALLED PLACE OF ORIGIN
2. THE PLACE TO WHICH THEY MOVE IS CALLED PLACE OF DESTINATION
3. PLACE OF ORIGIN shows decrease in population
4. PLACE OF DESTINATION shows increase in population
CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRATION
1 .Migration is a spontaneous effort to achieve a better balance between population
and
resources
2. Migration may be permanent , temporary o r seasonal
3. It may be RURAL TO URBAN, URBAN TO RURAL , RURAL TO RURAL URBAN TO URBAN
4.IMMIGRATION: migrants who move into a new place are called immigrants
5.EMIGRATION: Migrants sho move out of a place are called emigrants
6. People migrate for better economic and social life
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF FACTORS
PUSH FACTORS
1. LESS ATTRACTIVE
2. UNEMPLOYMENT
3. POOR LIVING CONDITION
4. POLITICAL TURMOIL
5. UNPLEASANT CLIMATE
6. NATURAL DISASTERS
7. EPIDEMICS
8. SOCIO ECONOMIC BACKWARD NESS
PULL FACTORS
1. MORE ATTRACTIVE
2. BETTER JOB OPPORTUNITIES
3. GOOD LIVING CONDITIONS
4. PEACE AND STABILITY
5. SECURITY OF LIFE & PROPERTY
6. PLEASANT CLIMATE
TRENDS IN POPULATION GROWTH
1.
2.
3.
4.
Population of the world is more than 6 billion
In the beginning the population growth was very slow
During 20th century the population growth is alarming
After the introduction of agriculture ( 8000 to 12000 years) the population was 8
million
5. In first century a.d. it was about 300 million
6. The expanding world trade during the 16th and 17th century set the stage for rapid
population growth
7. The dawn of industrial revolution(1750) the population was 550 million
8. World population exploded in 18 th century
9. Technological revolution helped to decrease death rate of population
10. the steam engine replaced the human energy and increased agricultural and
industrial revolution
11. Inoculation against epidemics and other communicable diseases
12. Improvement in medical facilities and sanitation decreased death rate
13. Population increased more than ten times in the past 500 hundred years
14. In 20th century itself the population has increased four times
15. Nearly 80 million people are added each year
DOUBLING TIME OF WORLD POPULATION
1. IT TOOK MORE THAN MILLION YEARS TO REACH ONE BILLION POPULATION
2. IT TOOK ONLY 12 YEARS TO RISE FROM 5 BILLION TO 6 BILLION
3. THERE IS A GREAT VARIATION AMONG THE REGIONS IN DOUBLING THEIR
POPULATION
4. DEVELOPED COUNTRIES TAKE MORE TIME THAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO
DOUBLE THEIR POPULATION
5. EXAMPLE HIGHEST GROWTH RATE LIBERIA TAKES 8.2% PER YEAR
LOWEST GROWTH RATE LATVIA
- 1.5 % PER YEAR
SPATIAL PATTERN OF POPULATION CHANGE
1.The population growth is low in developed countries as
compared to developing countries
2. there is negative correlation between economic development
and population growth
3. the annual rate of population change seems to be low
because
4. When small annual rate is applied to a very large population it
will lead to a large population change.
5. Even if the growth rate continuous to decline the total
population grows each year
6. the infant mortality rate increased as has the death rate during
child birth
IMPACT OF POPULATION CHANGE
1. A small increase is desirable in growing economy
2. Population growth rate after certain levels
3. The depletion of resources is most concern
4. Population declines is also a serious concern
5. The HIV/AIDS and epidemics in Africa and CIS HAVE PUSHED
THE DEATH RATES AND REDUCED THE LIFE EXPECTANCY
6. India takes 36 years to double its population
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Stage 1
Birth rate and death rate are high - low natural increase - low total population
Stage 2
Birth rate is high - death rate is falling - high natural increase (population growth)
Stage 3
Falling birth rate - low death rate - high natural increase (population growth)
Stage 4
Birth rate and death rate is low - low natural increase - high total population
The Demographic Transition Model does not take into account migration.
1.The Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and
predict the future population of any area.
2.The theory tells us that population of any region changes from
high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths.
3. society progresses from rural agrarian illiterate to urban
industrial literate society
4. when these changes occur through stages it is called
DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE
I st STAGE:
HIGH FERTILITY , HIGH MORTALITY people produce more to
compensate high death rate due to epidemic and shortage of
food supply
The population growth is slow
Most of the people are engaged in agriculture
Large families are asset
Life expectancy is low
High illiteracy
Low levels of technology
200 years ago all countries were under this stage
II nd STAGE
1. Fertility remains high at the beginning of this stage
2. It declines with time
3. Reduced mortality rate
4. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions
5. Decline in death rate
6. Population is high
III rd STAGE
1. Fertility and mortality are low
2. Population growth is slow or stable
3. Population becomes urbanized
4. Literate high technology
5. Deliberately controls the family size
6. Humans are highly flexible
POPULATION CONTROL MEASURES
1. Family planning is spacing or preventing the birth of children
2. Access to family planning services
3. Improving women’s health
4. Propaganda free availability of contraceptives
5. Tax disincentives for large families
Thomas Malthus theory (1793)
1. Population increases at the geometrical rate where as food
supply increases at the arithmetical rate.
2. Any further increase in population cause famine, disease or
war
3. Preventive checks are better than physical checks
TEXT
The World population Distribution, Density and Growth
Patterns of population distribution in the world
Density of population
Factors influencing the distribution of population
Geographical factors, : land forms, availability of water, climate soils
Economic factors: minerals, urbanization, industrialization
Social and cultural factors: type of govt, policies, social and political
unrest
Population growth, basic concepts of population geography, growth of
population growth rate of population, natural growth of population,
positive growth rate of population, negative growth rate of population
Components of population change: birth rate , death rate, migration,
types of migration, push and pull factors, trends in population growth ,
doubling time of population , spatial pattern of population change,
impact of population change, demographic transition, population
control measures.
FAQ.
1. What are the people in a country really like?
Ans. The people of a country like to know how many children are
born each year, how many people are dying, whether they live,
can they read or write and what work they do etc.,
2. Why do people prefer to live in certain regions and not in others?
Ans. The people prefer to live in certain regions because the
basic needs such as food, cloths and shelter are available.
3. Why do people migrate?
Ans. People migrate in order to get better social and economic
living conditions.
4. What is population growth ?
Ans. It is the change in the number of people of a territory during
a specific period of time such as a decade or in one year. The
change in population can be expressed either in terms of absolute
number or in terms of percentage. The mechanism responsible
for temporal or spatial population change are birth rates, death
rates and migration.
5. What are the three components of population change?
Ans. Birth rate: If births exceed death within a given period of
time there will be natural increase in population. If the deaths
exceed the position will be reverse.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Death rate: it is related to the epidemics, disasters and prolonged
famines. These cause rapid increase in deaths within a country.
Consequently there is a rapid change in population.
Migration: it includes migration and immigration. Migration leads
to decrease and immigration leads to increase in population.
What is the current growth rate of population of the world?
Ans.The current growth rate of population is 1.3 % per annum(
between 1995-2000)
Name three geographical factors that influence the distribution
of population.
Ans. 1. Availability of water 2. Land forms 3. Climate 4. Soils
Today the city life is unpleasant, mention some of the unpleasant
aspects of the city life.
Ans. The unpleasant aspect of city life is due to some problems
which are faced by the citizens of the city, the problems are;
(i) Lack of water supply
(ii) Shortage of houses
(iii) Problems of water
(iv) Problems of pollution
(v) Shortage of civic amenities
What are the reasons for high density of population?
Ans. (i) push factors (ii) pull factors (iii) climate
10.Distinguish between push and pull factors.
PUSH FACTORS
1.LESS ATTRACTIVE
2.UNEMPLOYMENT
3.POOR LIVING CONDITION
4.POLITICAL TURMOIL
5.UNPLEASANT CLIMATE
PULL FACTORS
1. MORE ATTRACTIVE
2. BETTER JOB OPPORTUNITIES
3. GOOD LIVING CONDITIONS
4. PEACE AND STABILITY
5. SECURITY OF LIFE & PROPERTY
6.NATURAL DISASTERS
6. PLEASANT CLIMATE
7.EPIDEMICS
8.SOCIO ECONOMIC BACKWARD NESS
11. Distinguish between CBR & CDR
CRUDE BIRTH RATE
CRUDE DEATH RATE
1. No. of live births /1000 female population No.of deaths /1000 persons
2. It is calculated as
Bi
D
CBR
----------- X 1000
CDR-----------X 1000
P
P
3. High in developing countries
high in developing countries
4. Low in developed countries
low in developed countries
5. If it exceeds CDR there is
if it exceeds CBR there is – ve
+ ve Pop. Growth .
12. Describe the characteristics of population distribution in the world.
a. 10 most populous countries account for 60% of total population
b.six of these countries are found in Asia
c. USA is the 3 rd largest country in the world
d. plains are most favorable for human habitation
e. 75% of population in developed countries is found in urban areas.
13. Name the regions have high density of population
1. East and Fareast Asia china , Korea, Japan, Taiwan
2. South and South East Asia: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand,
Indonesia
3. North west Europe: UK France, Germany, Nether lands, Belgium, Luxemburg, Ireland,
Denmark,
Spain Italy
4. Eastern coast of North America : West Atlantic coastal regions of US and Canada.
CASE STUDY
During the past 50 years, China has experienced
demographic change at an historic scale. This has had a
profound impact upon its population structure. This article
by Barcelona-based Chinese student Niu Yi Qiao outlines
the causes and impacts of the change
Pre – 1949: China had experienced a century of imperial
decline, natural disasters, foreign invasion and civil unrest.
Life expectancy was as low as 36 years. The communists
took over in 1949 after the civil war and began to
modernize China.
1949 – 1958: The communists shifted their attention to
economic development and together with a rich resource
base there was a 10% annual growth rate in the economy. A
very successful healthcare program and better nutrition
brought a marked fall in the death rate, especially in infant
mortality. Most of the population was still rural and
people’s minds were still dominated by the traditional
view: more children to work the land, more children as a
guarantee for security in old age. The birth rate was high
and consequently the natural increase was rapid.
1958 – 1963: The communist leader Mao (who was a very
successful politician and general, but not a great economic
planner) was impatient with the rate of progress. What
followed was the 'Great Leap Forward' policy (see below), a
forced industrialization during which millions of peasants
were made to leave the land to work in factories. The
slogan at the time was 'overtake the British, race the
Americans'. The political mismanagement and low
agricultural production (there was a shortage for farmers)
led to widespread famine and caused 25–30 million deaths,
and a 30-35% fall in the birth rate. The death rate rose
higher than the birth rate and the population experienced 5
years of natural decrease.
1962 – 1980: The 'demographic disaster' of the Great Leap
Forward was followed by a baby boom in the mid-1960s
and the economy began to recover. The introduction of
private enterprise raised the level of food production.
Throughout the 1970s politicians sought to bring about a
drastic reduction in family size as they realised that a huge
population threatened to outgrow the available resources.
What emerged was the 'one child policy', which has been
very successful in reducing birth rates. The implementation
of the policy was harsh and there were strict penalties: the
'Granny Police' watched over couples of childbearing age,
and if a couple had more than one child, both parents
would lose their jobs. The local government would issue a
fine large enough to bankrupt the family and worse, the
'illegal' child would not be given a 'household register'
which was necessary for school enrolment and applying for
jobs. Usually, a married couple would fulfil the policy out of
fear alone, although due to industrialisation and improved
education, people were becoming more receptive to new
ideas. Contraception was widely practiced throughout
China in order to reduce pregnancies and widen the spacing
between births. A steady reduction in the birth rate
resulted.
1980 – 1990: Economic growth slowed due to inflation and
a trade imbalance. Due to the success of the rigid one child
policy, birth rates continued to decrease although in 1984
there was a slight rise.
1990 – Today: China is now a 'post-transitional' society,
where life expectancy has reached new heights, fertility has
declined to below-replacement level, and rapid population
ageing is on the horizon. In the not-too-distant future, in a
matter of a few decades, China’s population will start to
shrink. In this process, China will also lose its position as the
most populous country in the world to India. The 'one child
policy' has recently been relaxed to a 'two child policy' in
many districts in order to avoid the problems an ageing
population could bring. This has additional implications: it is
usually the rural villages that have established the 'two
child policy', meaning that in future China’s population may
be dominated by undereducated peasants (who already
comprise 70% of the population). In the more advanced
cities, it is not only the local government policy that
maintains a low birthrates, but the change in people’s
mentality. Most Chinese women have their own career and
are unwilling to sacrifice their job for children. The expense
of raising a child has also been taken into consideration by
new couples. It is likely the Chinese government will soon
consider a 'three child policy' to force couples into having
more babies in order to maintain a low-cost workforce.
ASSIGNMENT
1. Explain the three factors responsible for population
growth in world. How is the trend in population growth
of developed countries different from that of developing
countries?
2. Industries and population grow side by side . Explain the
statement by citing examples
3. What is population change ? Explain the components of
population change.
4. Describe the distribution of population pattern in the
world with examples.
5. Give five reasons for the high density of population in
certain regions of the world.
6. What are the reasons for low density of population in
certain regions.
QUIZ
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following continents has the highest growth of
population?
(a) Africa
(c) Asia
(b) South America (d) North America
(ii) Which one of the following is not an area of sparse population?
(a) The Atacama (c) Equatorial region
(b) South-east Asia (d) Polar regions
(iii) Which one of the following is not a push factor ?
(a) Water shortage
(c) Unemployment
(b) Medical/educational facilities (d) Epidemics
(iv) Which one of the following is not a fact ?
(a) Human population increased more than ten times during the past
500 years.
(b) Nearly 80 million people are added to the world population each
year.
(c) It took 100 years for the population to rise from 5 billion to 6
billion.
(d) Population growth is high in the first stage of demographic
transition?
REFERENCE
Majid Hussain,: Human geography Third edition Rawat pub
* R C Chandana, ‘geography of population, concepts,
determinants, and patterns Kalliani Pub
* Singh L R Fundamentals of human geography Lakshmi Narain
Agarwal human geography sharda
pustak bhawan
* King Human Geography king books
* Negi Singh Balbir Human Geography an ecological approach,
Kedar nath ram nath & co
* Rao M S Dictionary of Geography Anmol publications pvt ltd
* Lodha R M Dictionary of Geography academic publishers
* Kayastha S L Geography of Population Rawat publications
* Verma J K Human Geography Gnosis publishers of educational
books
* Doniwal Kumar Hemat Population Geography, Gnosis publishers
of educational books
* Hassan Izhar Mohammad, Population Geography Rawat
publications
Population Density: Number of persons per sq.km
Growth of population: change of population in particular area
between two points of time .
Growth rate of population: the change of population expressed in
%
Natural growth of population: the population increased by
difference between births and deaths in a particular region
between two points of time.
Natural growth= Births-Deaths
Actual growth of population =n Births-deaths + in Migration – out
Migration
Positive growth of population= when birth rate is more than
death rate
Negative growth of population= when death rate is more than
birth rate
Components of population change: crude birth rate, death rate,
migration
Push factors: which are responsible for out migration
Pull factors: which are responsible for in migration
Immigration: migrants who move into a new place are called
immigrants
Emigration: migrants who move out of a place are called
emigrants.
Agriculture revolution: large scale change in agriculture with the
help of technology
Industrial revolution: change in industrial production
Information revolution: dissemination of information thorough
electronic devices
Doubling time of population: time taken by a country to double
its population.
Demographic transition: It is the process of changing the Rural
agrarian society into urban industrial society.