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Introduction to Information and
Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
This material (Comp4_Unit6d) was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health and
Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number
IU24OC000015.
Databases and SQL
Learning Objectives
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Define and describe the purpose of databases (Lecture a)
Define a relational database (Lecture a)
Describe data modeling and normalization (Lecture b)
Describe the structured query language (SQL) (Lecture c)
Define the basic data operations for relational databases and how to
implement them in SQL (Lecture c)
• Design a simple relational database and create corresponding SQL
commands (Lecture c)
• Examine the structure of a healthcare database component (Lecture
d)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
2
Sample Database Use in VistA
• VistA: Veterans
Health Information
Systems and
Technology
Architecture
• Used at
Department of
Veterans Affairs
(VA) health care
facilities
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
(US Dept. of Veterans Affairs, 2007, PD-US)
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
3
NUMI
• National Utilization Management Integration (NUMI)
supports reviews of clinical care activities
• NUMI documents patient movements
• NUMI is separate from VistA
(NUMI, 2011, PD-US)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
4
Workflow
(NUMI, 2011, PD-US)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
5
NUMI Tables
AdmissionReviewType
CareLevel
CermeReviewXML
DismissStayReason
FacilityTreatingSpecialty
MASMovementTransactionType
MASMovementType
NumiUser
NumiUserSiteActivityBitmask
Patient
PatientAudit
PatientReview
PatientReviewAudit
PatientReviewReason
PatientStay
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
PatientStayAudit
Physician
PhysicianAdvisorPatientReason
PhysicianAdvisorPatientReview
PhysicianAdvisorPatientReviewAudit
Reason
Region
Reports
ReviewType
ServiceSection
Site
Status
VISN
WardLocation
WebLog
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
6
Patient Table (Select Elements)
Element Name
Data Type
Primary
Key
Foreign
Key
Comments
PatientID
int
Yes
No
ID number for patient
PatientName
varchar
No
No
Name that the NUMI system associates with
patient
Sex
varchar
No
No
Sex designation associated with the patient
SSN
varchar
No
No
Social Security Number associated with patient
SiteID
smallint
Yes
Yes
ID number for Site
6.24 Table: Patient table (Select elements) (PD-US).
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
7
Site Table (Select Elements)
Element Name
Data
Type
Primary
Key
Foreign
Key
Comments
SiteID
smallint
Yes
No
ID number for site
SiteName
varchar
No
No
Name of site
DisplayName
varchar
No
No
Displayed name for site
6.25 Table: Site table (Select elements) (PD-US).
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
8
ER Diagram
6.26 Diagram: Entity-relationship (ER) Diagram. (PD-US, 2011)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
9
Patient Review Table (Select
Elements)
Element Name
Data Type
Primary
Key
Foreign
Key
Comments
PatientReviewID
bigint
Yes
No
ID number for Patient Review
PatientID
int
No
Yes
ID number for Patient
ReviewDate
smalldateti
me
No
No
Date patient was reviewed
UMRAttendingPhysicianID
int
No
Yes
ID number for Attending Physician
PatientStayID
bigint
No
Yes
ID number for Patient Stay
CurrentCareLevelID
tinyint
No
Yes
ID number for Level of Care
WardLocationID
smallint
No
Yes
ID number for Ward Location
6.27 Table: Patient review table (Select elements) (PD-US, 2011).
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
10
ER Diagram
6.28 Diagram: Entity-relationship diagram (PD-US, 2011).
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
11
Patient Review in NUMI
(NUMI, 2011, PD-US)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
12
Databases and SQL
Summary – Lecture d
• Viewed an example application: NUMI
• Examined the NUMI database structure
– Tables
– Relationships
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
13
Databases and SQL
Summary
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•
•
•
•
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Data and type are independent
Speed and efficiency are critical for data access
Four basic data operations: retrieval, addition, modification and deletion
Information relationships and types are maintained in a relational database
Designed a simple database
Improved the database design using normalization to remove duplicate data
Introduced to SQL statements and data types
Created a database and database tables
Learned basic select, insert, delete and update SQL statements
Examined design of a production healthcare database
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
14
Databases and SQL
References – Lecture d
References
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U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2011, September 21, 2011). Veterans Health Information Systems and
Technology Architecture. Retrieved December 19, 2011, from http://www.va.gov/VISTA_MONOGRAPH/index.asp
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U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2011). User Guide for National Utilization Management Integration (NUMI),.
Retrieved Jan 2012 from
http://www.va.gov/vdl/documents/HealtheVet/National_Utilization_Management_Integration/numi_user_guidev1_1_13.doc
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U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2011). Systems Management Guide for National Utilization Management
Integration (NUMI). Retrieved Jan 2012 from
http://www.index.va.gov/search/va/va_search.jsp?QP=on&QT=Systems+Management+Guide+for+National+Utiliz
ation+Management&SQ=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.va.gov%2Fvdl%2Fdocuments%2FHealtheVet%2FNational_Utiliz
ation_Management_Integration%2Fnumi_system_management_guide-1_1_13.doc.
Charts, Tables, Figures
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6.24 Table: Patient table (Select elements) (PD-US).
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6.25 Table: Site table (Select elements) (PD-US).
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6.26 Diagram: Entity-relationship (ER) Diagram. (PD-US, 2011)
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6.27 Table: Patient review table (Select elements) (PD-US, 2011).
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6.28 Diagram: Entity-relationship diagram (PD-US, 2011).
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
15
Databases and SQL
References – Lecture d
IMAGES
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Slide 3: VistA Image [image on the Internet]. US Dept. of Veterans Affairs (2007). [Updated 10/29/2007; cited
11/8/2011]. Retrieved Jan 2012 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VistA_Img.png. (PD-US).
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Slides 4,12 : NUMI Screenshot . NUMI (2011). U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. User Guide for National
Utilization Management Integration (NUMI). Retrieved Jan 2012 from
http://www.va.gov/vdl/documents/HealtheVet/National_Utilization_Management_Integration/numi_user_guidev1_1_13.doc. (PD-US).
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Slide 5: NUMI Workflow. NUMI (2011). U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. User Guide for National Utilization
Management Integration (NUMI). Retrieved Jan 2012 from
http://www.va.gov/vdl/documents/HealtheVet/National_Utilization_Management_Integration/numi_user_guidev1_1_13.doc. (PD-US).
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
16