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Chapter 12 Study Guide
Section 1
 Vocabulary: force, newton, net force, friction, static friction, sliding friction,
rolling friction, fluid friction, air resistance, gravity, terminal velocity,
projectile motion
 Be able to find net force (add vectors in the same direction, subtract vectors
going in opposite directions) and tell what direction the object will move
 Balanced (net force=0) and unbalanced forces (net force > 0)
 When an unbalanced force acts on an object, the object accelerates.
 Be able to pick out examples of the different types of friction forces
Section 2
 Vocabulary: inertia, mass, weight
 Know about Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton
 Newton’s 1st Law of Motion- an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an
object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced
force
o Be able to give an example
o Know the other name: Law of Inertia
 Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion- the acceleration of an object is equal to the net
force acting on it divided by the object’s mass
o F=ma
o Be able to give an example
o Know the other name: Law of Acceleration
 Know the difference between weight and mass (look back over the
worksheet)
o W=mg (units for weight is N)
o g= 9.8 m/s2
o Use weight and mass to describe an astronaut on the moon versus an
astronaut on Earth
Section 3
 Vocabulary: momentum, law of conservation of momentum
 An object has large momentum if the product of its mass and velocity is large
o Formula- p = mv (p is for momentum, units are kg * m/s)
 Conservation of momentum- the loss of momentum of one object equals the
gain in momentum of another object (Be able to explain this if given an
example)


Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion- for every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction
o Be able to give an example
o Know the other name: Law of Action and Reaction
o Be able to pick out the force pairs
o Action-Reaction force do not cancel because they do not act on the
same object
Know that force is always in pairs
Section 4
 Vocabulary: electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force,
gravitational force, centripetal force
 Know that electric and magnetic force are the only forces that can both
attract and repel
 Know the 2 forces that act within the nucleus to hold it together
 Know that Gravity is the weakest universal force, but is the strongest over
large distances
 Know that Earth’s gravitational attraction (centripetal force) keeps the moon
and satellites in orbit around Earth
 Know uses of satellites