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Download What are the net effects of thyroid hormones on metabolism?
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Net effect of Growth Hormone on metabolism Muscle Liver Adipose Protein Triglycerides Protein Glucose AA Fatty Acids FA AA Glucose Glucose Glucose Fatty Acids GH promotes growth by stimulating the uptake of AA and synthesis of protein. It also makes glucose available by promoting gluconeogenesis and inhibiting glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue. Net effects of cortisol Muscle Liver Adipose Glycogen Protein Triglycerides Glucose AA Fatty Acids Glucose AA Glucose Fatty Acids FA AA Glucose AA Cortisol promotes breakdown of muscle and fat and synthesis of glucose by the liver. Along with inhibiting glucose uptake in muscle and fat, blood glucose levels increase. Net effect: ↑ blood glucose at the expense of muscle and fat Effect of Thyroid hormones Muscle Liver Adipose Glycogen Protein Triglycerides Protein Glucose AA Fatty Acids Glucose AA Glucose Fatty Acids = increased fuel/oxygen consumption = generate heat FA AA Glucose AA = w/ high levels of T3/T4 Net effects of T3 and T4 are a conversion of fats to protein and glycogen stores as well as an increase in metabolite consumption. At higher doses, thyroid hormones stimulate protein catabolism. Effect of epinephrine Muscle Glycogen Adipose Glycogen Triglycerides Glucose Lactic acid Lactic acid Liver Fatty Acids Fatty Acids Glucose glycerol Lactic acid Glucose Net effect is to increase blood glucose and make other metabolites (fatty acids) available for use. Effects of Insulin on metabolism Muscle Liver Adipose Glycogen Protein Triglycerides Glycogen Protein Glucose Glucose AA Glucose Glucose AA Glucose Fatty Acids FA AA Glucose Fatty Acids AA The net effect of insulin is to stimulate uptake of glucose and amino acids into cells, transport of fatty acids to adipose tissue, synthesis of protein, glycogen, and triglycerides. Effect of glucagon Muscle Liver Adipose Glycogen Protein Triglycerides Glycogen FA Protein Glucose Glucose AA Fatty Acids FA AA Ketones Glucose AA Ketones Fatty Acids Ketones Glucose
