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Chemistry Final Exam Review The following are terminology with which to be familiar. The following terms may have been discussed during the year, and therefore, may be relative to content on the final examination. These terms may only indicate areas of discussion from which exam questions have been generated. Students should be familiar with these areas of content in general and some of the terms specifically. [ ] indicates a single term or concept that ran onto multiple lines. Area Chemical changes Chemistry Classification Constant Conversion factors Data Density Dependent variable Derived units Dimensional analysis Experimentation Factor label method Fluid Gas Hypothesis Independent variable Inertia Inference Liquid Macroscopic observations Mass Matter Melting Model Observations Qualitative observations Quantitative observations Scientific/natural laws Scientific method [SI base (fundamental) units] SI prefixes Slope Solid Submicroscopic Theory Variable(s) Volume Weight Atom Atomic mass Atomic mass scale Atomic mass unit Atomic number Average atomic mass Binary compounds Chemical change Chemical formula Chemical property Chemical reaction Chemical symbol Compounds Conductivity Dalton’s atomic theory [Diatomic elements/diatomic molecules] Dissociate Distillation Ductility Electrolysis Element Formula unit Free elements Heterogeneous Homogeneous Inorganic compounds Ions [Law of conservation of mass] [Law of definite proportions (L. of constant composition)] [Law of multiple proportions] Malleability Metallic lustre Metalloids Metals Mixture Molecules Noble gases Nonmetals Organic compounds Phases Physical change Physical property Polyatomic ions Pure substances [Scanning tunneling microscope (STM)] Semiconductor Solutions Subscript Percentage composition (by mass) Precision [Scientific notation/exponential notation] Significant figures/digits STP (standard temperature and pressure) Molar volume Avogadro’s hypothesis Atomic mass Formula mass Molecular mass Gram atomic mass Gram formula mass Gram molecular mass Balanced Chemical equation Chemical reaction Coefficient Combustion Decomposition/analysis [Double replacement/displacement] Endothermic Exothermic Hydrocarbon Joule Kinetic energy Law of conservation of mass Law of conservation of energy Potential energy Products Reactants [Single displacement/replacement] Synthesis Alpha radiation Anion Anode Beta radiation Cathode Cathode ray Electrode Electrons Fluorescent Gamma radiation Isotopes Mass number Negative charge Neutrons Nucleons Nucleus Positive charge Proton Radiation Radioactivity Avogadro’s number Accuracy Concentration Data Deviation Empirical formula Error Exact numbers Mole Molar mass Molecular formula Amplitude Bright-line spectrum Continuous spectrum Electromagnetic wave Electron configuration Energy levels Frequency Ground state Hertz Ionizing energy Node Orbital Orbital diagram Pauli exclusion principle Photon Principal quantum number Probability Quantum mechanics Wavelength Actinides Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Atomic radius Chalcogens Chemical family Coinage metals Core electrons Group Group halogens Inner-transition elements Isoelectronic Lanthanides Outermost orbitals Periodic law Periodic table Periodic trends Periods Representative elements Shielding Transition metals Valence electrons Binary ionic compound Chemical bond Common names Covalent bond Crystal lattice Polyatomic ions Dipole Electron dot symbol Electronegativity Electrostatic attraction Greek prefixes Ionic bond Monatomic Nomenclature ionic compounds Nonpolar covalent bond Octet rule Polar covalent bond Stock names Traditional names Absolute zero Brownian motion Calorie Calorimeter Celsius/centigrade Enthalpy Enthalpic change Entropy Fahrenheit Heat Heat of fusion Heat of vaporization Kelvin/absolute Specific heat Surroundings System Temperature Thermochemistry Thermodynamics Solution Solutes Solvent Dilute Concentrated Dilute Saturated Unsaturated Supersaturated Precipitate Acids Bases Salts Chemical equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium Metathesis reactions [Double displacement reactions] [Double replacement reactions] Neutralization reactions Oxidizing acids [Single replacement reactions] [Single displacement reactions] Combustion reactions Quantum number Spin quantum number [Magnetic of orientation quantum number] [Azimuthal or angular quantum number] Outer shell Valence shell [Abbreviated or noble gas configurations] Electron affinity Ionization energy Ionization potential Atomic radius Effective nuclear charge Pauli exclusion principle Hund’s rule of multiplicity Ground state Excited state Orbital pair Parallel spins Diffraction Wave or quantum mechanics Standing waves Principal quantum number Shells or energy levels Nodes Orbitals Quantized Quantum theory Photoelectric effect Electromagnetic spectrum Electromagnetic radiation Planck’s constant Wavelength Speed of light Frequency Photons Quanta Continuous spectrum Absorption spectrum Emission spectrum Hertz Angstroms Electron configuration Orbital diagrams Electron cloud Electron density Nodal plane [Heisenberg uncertainty principle] Matter waves Covalent bond Molecule Molecular compound Diatomic molecule Molecular formula Structural formula Single covalent bond Unshared/lone pair Double covalent bond Triple covalent Coordinate covalent bond Bond dissociation energy (bond energy) Resonance structure Nonpolar covalent bond Polar covalent bond Polar bond Polar molecule Dipole Van der Waals forces Dipole interaction Dispersion forces Hydrogen bond Network solid Traditional names molecular compounds Stock names molecular compounds Molecular orbital Bonding orbital Sigma bond Pi bond Tetrahedral angle VSEPR theory Hybridization Polyatomic ion Acid nomenclature
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