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Chapter 3 Study Guide: Weather Know your vocabulary terms: water cycle, water vapor, evaporation, condensation, current, weather, humidity, precipitation, meteorology, barometer, anemometer, hygrometer, air mass, front, climate Most of Earth’s water, about 97%, is located in the oceans. About 75%, or three-fourths, of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. About 3% of Earth’s water is fresh water. Most of the fresh water is located in frozen ice caps and glaciers, or huge sheets of ice. Know the processes that make up the water cycle. Condensation: PROCESS by which a gas changes into a liquid. Evaporation: PROCESS by which a liquid changes into a gas. Precipitation: Water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface. It can fall as rain, sleet, hail, and snow. Understand that when water forms on the outside of your glass, it is water from the air around the glass that is condensing on the glass. Understand that El Nino brings warm, wet weather to the west Coast of North America. Know three types of clouds: cirrus, stratus, cumulus Cirrus: Form high in the atmosphere, where the air is very cold. Made mostly of ice crystals Stratus: Form low in the atmosphere. Usually cover the sky (like a blanket). Can have moderate rainfall or snow, but not heavy precipitation. Cumulus: Puffy white clouds. Indicate fair weather, but as they grow, rani can develop. Fog: a stratus like cloud that forms when water droplets condense near the ground. Meteorologists: Scientists that study the weather using weather instruments. They make forecasts, or predictions of future weather based on data collected. Know a rising barometer means lower humidity and less chance of rain. A falling barometer means warmer, more humid are and a greater chance of rain. Know the instruments used to collect data about weather. Understand the cold air masses and warm air masses. See following model. Air masses take on the characteristics of the region over which they formed. Changing air masses produce wind. When two air masses meet is called a front. Most weather changes occur along the front line. There are two main fronts: cold fronts and warm fronts. Cold Front: Forms when a cold air mass moves UNDER a warm air mass. Warm Front: Forms when a warm air mass moves OVER a cold air mass. Cold Fronts: Usually move quickly, can have heavy rain, thunderstorms, or snow that does not last too long. Warm Fronts: Stratus clouds from ahead of the fronts and steady rain and snow can occur and last for hours. Understand the symbols and meanings on a weather map and what kind of weather can be expected. Know: H- High pressure system, can expect fair weather, clearer skies L- Low pressure system, can expect rain, clouds This map show occluded and stationary fronts, this is extra information not covered in the text, but it was introduced and discussed in class. Need to know the cold/warm front.