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Shoulder exam: General inspection: - Deltoids, supraspinatus, infraspinatus fossae - Muscle bulk and symmetry, scars from surgery etc Palpate: - Clavicle: sternoclavicular joint, along the length, to the acromioclavicular joint - Acromion - Subacromial bursa - Joint line: humeroglenoid joint Range of motion: - Flexion forward: Deltoid, Pectoral, Coracobrachialis - Extension backwards: Teres major, pec major, deltoid - Abduction: supraspinatus and deltoid - Adduction: Lat dorsi, teres major - External rotation: Teres minor, infraspinatus - Internal rotation: Subscapularis Perform passive and then active range to distinguish frozen / limited ROM from painful or weak ROM. Functional: - Up the back, test symmetry Special tests: - Lift-off test: assesses subscapularis - Impingement test: arm out, flexed elbow, then rotate humerus; assesses subacromial bursa and impingement - Empty can / full can test: arm out, hand in empty-can position, push arms inferiorly then full-can position and push inferiorly; assesses supraspinatus - Push on wall: assess for scapular winging, long thoracic nerve