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T2K - MSS
R&D of neutrino beam production
for future (Multi-)MW proton facility:
Superconducting
Magnet Safety System
(MSS)
Jean-Paul CHARRIER
CEA SACLAY – DSM / DAPNIA / SIS
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
1
T2K MSS :
1. Principle
2. Specification, Realization
3. Monitoring, Settings, Control
4. Cost, Manpower, Schedule
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
2
T2K MSS :
Coil = Magnet
i
N
S
Power supply
Coil
Magnet
=
Current generator
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
3
T2K MSS :
Needs increase
Higher magnetic field
Some Tesla
Field proportional to current
Higher current
Some kA
Joule heating
Conductor heating
+ energy use
Heat removal
Coil size
+ cost
Not compatible with experiments size
Superconducting magnets
T = 1.8 to 4 K
R = 0  no conductor heating …
… if all goes well
(except junctions : n)
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
4
T2K MSS : Superconducting state : conditions
Critical current
Critical temperature
T < Tc
NbTi
Nb3Sn
Critical magnetic field
i < ic
H < Hc
Superconducting state
R=0
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
5
T2K MSS :
Transition of a superconductor
Transition from the superconducting to the resistive (or normal) state
or
quench
R0
Joule heating,
local, then global (if propagation)
Conductor and magnet destruction
Unusable experiment
Repair sometimes impossible
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
6
T2K MSS :
Objective of the MSS
Detection
and
Security actions
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
7
T2K MSS :
Example of electrical circuit
Dump resistor
T2K: 20 mΩ
Switch
i
300 K
Cryostat
4.5 K
Power supply
T2K:
30V / 8 000A
(DC)
Items to protect:
Current lead
Magnet
Superconducting bus
(or bus bar)
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
8
T2K MSS :
Discharge of a coil into a resistor
iPS = 0
i
i
r
L
Rd
E
vRd
1
L . i2
2
PS
Beginning of the discharge:
v Rd  Rd . i
Example: 8 T Magnet (test magnet for Neurospin)
L = 44 H
E ~ 17.2 MJ
Rd = 2.6 Ω
vRd ~ -2300 V
(CMS : E ~ 2600 MJ)
High voltage
T2K beam line: 2.6 T ; 18.6 T/m
2007, May 9th
L = 400 mH
E ~ 11 MJ
Rd = 20 mΩ
vRd ~ -150 V
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
i = 885 A
Isolation
i = 7345 A
Not so high
Isolation
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
9
T2K MSS : Superconducting bus quench detection
v = r.i
100 mV
threshold
i
r
MSS
100 mV
threshold
Power supply shutdown
Switch opening
Superconducting bus: voltage = 0 V
Threshold = 100 mV
Beam shutdown
+ 100 mV and -100 mV
if the current can flow in
both directions.
Not in T2K case.
(But useful in case of cabling error)
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
10
T2K MSS :
Current lead protection
v = r.i
100 mV
threshold
i
r
MSS
100 mV
threshold
Power supply shutdown
Switch opening
Resistive current lead: voltage ~ 80 mV max
Threshold = 100 mV
Beam shutdown
+ 100 mV and -100 mV
if the current can flow in
both directions.
Not in T2K case.
(But useful in case of cabling error)
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
11
T2K MSS :
Magnet quench detection
i
r
100 mV
threshold
MSS
Power supply shutdown
Switch opening
NO
Beam shutdown
not so simple !
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
12
T2K MSS :
Coil charging
iPS
i
r
L
vPS
v
PS
v  r.i  L.
Superconducting : r = 0
v ~ a few volts
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
v  L.
di
dt
Exceeds the thresholds
di
dt
~ vPS – voltage drops
False detections
during current variations
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
13
T2K MSS :
Balancing
i
v1  r1.i  L1.
v 2  r 2.i  L2.
di
dt
r1
L1
v1
r2
L2
v2
v1  v 2  r1  r 2 . i  L1  L2 .
di
dt
= 0 if superconducting
di
dt
= 0 if voltages are balanced
Does not disturb quench detection
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
14
T2K MSS :
Balanced voltage
i
r1
L1
v1
r2
L2
v2
di
v  v1  v 2  r1  r 2 . i  L1  L2 .
dt
v  r1  r 2 . i
Assumption : i > 0
2007, May 9th
Quench on L1 side
v>0
threshold > 0
Quench on L2 side
v<0
threshold < 0
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
2 thresholds
of opposite
signs
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
15
T2K MSS :
Magnet quench detection
MSS
i
r1
L1
v1
r2
L2
v2
v1 – v2
+100 mV
-100 mV
thresholds
Heaters activation
Power supply shutdown
Switch opening
Superconducting magnet: v1 - v2 = 0 V
Threshold 1 = +100 mV
Threshold 2 = -100 mV
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
Beam shutdown
+ 100 mV and -100 mV
even if the current flows
in only one direction.
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
16
T2K MSS :
Level
(voltage)
T1 < time threshold
T2 > time threshold
level threshold
time
time threshold
time threshold
Detection
no
yes
time
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
17
T2K MSS :
1. Principle
2. Specification, Realization
3. Monitoring, Settings, Control
4. Cost, Manpower, Schedule
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
18
T2K MSS :
Electrical circuit
Superconducting bus
• 28 combined function superconducting magnets
(dipole and quadrupole in one magnet)
Current lead
• 14 cryostats (2 magnets per cryostat)
• Magnets in serial
• Focusing and Defocusing magnet
• Cold diode magnet protection
• Necessity of a MSS (Magnet Safety System)
• 6 correction magnets (not on this scheme)
Power Supply
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
19
T2K MSS :
MSS functions / specifications
• Main functions
– Detection
• Main magnets quench detection,
• Bus bars quench detection,
• Current leads protection,
• Corrector magnets quench detection,
100 mV / 10 ms
100 mV / 10 ms
100 mV / 100 ms
400 mV / 10 ms
– Security actions
• Beam shut down,
• Power supplies shut down,
• Heaters activation.
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
20
T2K MSS :
MSS functions / specifications
• Complementary function
– Data acquisition (analog parameters)
Origin of measurements
Number of channels
Acquisition frequency
DAQ1
DAQ2
Magnet system
Corrector magnets
61
32
10 kHz
Total record length
Input range
100 s
+/- 10 V
• High voltage
Withstand voltage : 500 V DC
(Cables, connectors and detection board inputs)
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
21
T2K MSS :
Synoptic overview of the MSS
INSTALLATION
Magnets, power supplies, heaters, beam, cryogenics
Analog
inputs
Analog
inputs
Logic
inputs
Isolation 2000 V max.
MEASUREMENT
and DETECTION
Analog
signals
Logic
outputs
Functional Isolation 250 V
Logic
signals
SAFETY LOGIC
ACQUISITION
Racks
Ethernet
MSS
Acquisition PC
PC
Ethernet
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
22
T2K MSS :
Synoptic overview of the MSS
INSTALLATION
Magnets, power supplies, heaters, beam, cryogenics
Analog
inputs
Analog
inputs
Logic
inputs
Isolation 2000 V max.
MEASUREMENT
and DETECTION
Analog
signals
Logic
outputs
Functional Isolation 250 V
Logic
signals
SAFETY LOGIC
ACQUISITION
Racks
Ethernet
MSS
World FIP (Field Bus)
Local
Monitoring PC
Acquisition PC
PC
Ethernet
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
PC
Ethernet
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
23
T2K MSS :
MSS Architecture
Magnet System
Analog inputs
Logic outputs Logic inputs
Analog inputs
500 V isolation
Power Supply
100 V / 50 Hz
UPS
100 V
Rack 1
Rack 2
Front
Front
Fans
Fans
AC security
and distribution
MDC1A
Measurement - Detection
Fans
LIC
Logic Interface
MDC1B
Analog Interface
Measurement - Detection
AIC
Triggers
SLC1
Acquisition PC
Safety Logic
DAQ1
Fans
Acquisition
DAQ2
MDC2
Acquisition
Ethernet
Power supplies
100 V AC  48 V DC
Measurement - Detection
PS1A
PS1B
PS2
Local monitoring PC
WorldFIP (Field bus)
SLC2
Safety Logic
48 V DC
Ethernet
To remote monitoring PC
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
24
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
48 outputs
Configuration
MDC2
Logic
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Treatment
MDC1B
48 outputs
Configuration
Logic
Treatment
Power supplies
SFIP
48 inputs
48 inputs
Configuration
Power supplies
Power supplies
SFIP
QD01
QD02
QD03
QD04
QD05
QD06
QD07
QD08
QD09
QD10
QD11
QD12
Power supplies
MDC1A
Power supplies
SFIP
48 inputs
48 inputs
Configuration
BB
CL
CQD1_2
CQD3_4
CQD5_6
Power supplies
SFIP
QD13
QD14
Power supplies
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Power supplies
Power supplies
SFIP
QD01_02
QD03_04
QD05_06
QD07_08
QD09_10
QD11_12
QD13_14
BBR
CLR
CQD1_2R
CQD3_4R
CQD4_5R
Power supplies
T2K MSS :
Protection crates
Measurement and Detection Crates
Safety Logic Crates
SLC1
Redundancy
SLC2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
25
T2K MSS : Quench detection boards (MD200)
• Measurement
– Analog inputs
• Voltage scaling, filtering and isolation (2000 V)
–
Analog outputs
• For copying to the acquisition system
• Detection
– Fault detection with :
• Level thresholds,
• Time thresholds
22 cm
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
26
T2K MSS : Detail of the principle for 2 cryostats
3 MD200 boards for 2 cryostats
Measurement
Detection
→21 boards for 14 cryostats
Board 3
Board 3_4 (redundancy)
Detection
+ -
+
+
-
+
-
Board 4
Detection
+ -
-
+
+
-
Detection
+ -
-
+
-
: analog outputs
: logical outputs
+
+
-
Connection box 3
with
protection resistors
-
-
+
3 high voltage cables
with 2 shielded pairs each
Connection box 4
with
protection resistors
Cryostat 3
Cryostat 4
Current
Beam
Magnet
D
Magnet
F
Magnet
D
Magnet
F
= Junction
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
27
T2K MSS :
Logic boards
• Treatment board : DX96
– Receive and memorize the faults of the installation
especially : magnet quenches
– Command the main security action
• Beam shut down.
DX96 board
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
28
T2K MSS :
Logic boards
• Safety logic board : LS100
– Receive the faults of the installation
– Command the security actions
• Power supplies shut down,
• Heaters activation.
– Send information to the Cryogenics
• Quench Detection,
• Fast Discharge.
– Send information to the Power Supplies
• Fast Discharge.
– Triggers the Acquisition systems
– Determine the status of the MSS (OK or not)
– Gather and display important information
– Manage the MSS acknowledge
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
Example : LS96 board
Updated into LS100
for T2K MSS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
29
T2K MSS :
Logic boards overview
Treatment
and
memorization
DX96 Board
EO48 Board
Logic inputs
(Isolated)
SO48 Board
LS100 Board
Logic outputs
(Isolated)
Safety
logic
On this scheme, configuration boards and backplanes are not drawn
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
30
T2K MSS : Example of MSS : W7X test facility
Redundancy
Measurement and Detection
Safety Logic
(Example with the previous generation of electronic boards)
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
31
T2K MSS :
1. Principle
2. Specification, Realization
3. Monitoring, Settings, Control
4. Cost, Manpower, Schedule
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
32
T2K MSS :
Communication : FIP and SPI
Analog
inputs
Logic
inputs
MEASUREMENT and DETECTION
Logic
outputs
SAFETY LOGIC
Logic
signals
SPI Bus
=
SPI Bus
Detected
faults
SFIP Board
SFIP Board
WorldFIP Bus
Local
Monitoring PC
Monitoring
Settings
Control
Ethernet
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
33
T2K MSS :
Human-Machine Interface (Labview)
Example for a test facility in Saclay
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
34
T2K MSS :
Monitoring
Analog monitoring
Input voltages
Balanced voltages
Temperatures
+ Crates Power Supplies
(+ 5 V, +/-15 V, etc…)
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
Logic monitoring
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
35
T2K MSS :
Settings
Thresholds
Balance
Analog output
offsets
and
gains
For T2K MSS, thresholds and balance settings will not use software settings,
but hardware settings with a screwdriver.
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
36
T2K MSS :
Fault simulation
Control
Board
functions
checking
Thresholds
Actions
Without disconnecting the MSS from the installation
Possible without really triggering security actions
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
37
T2K MSS :
1. Principle
2. Specification, Realization
3. Monitoring, Settings, Control
4. Cost, Manpower, Schedule
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
38
T2K MSS :
• Cost
–
204 k€ (hardware)
• Manpower
– 8 man-year
– + a lot of work (specification, software, previous realization, tests)
already done for other Magnet Safety Systems, by many people in
CEA SACLAY – DSM / DAPNIA / SIS
• Schedule
– 2004: First preliminary specification
– 2005-2006: Requirements specification / Preliminary definition
– 2007: Detailed definition / Realization in CEA - Saclay
– 2008: Shipment / Tests at J-PARC
– 2009: Commissioning
2007, May 9th
CEA DSM Dapnia SIS
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC
39