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//CHECKSUM ERROR DETECTION
import java.util.*;
class checksum
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter the no of bit in array ");
int n=sc.nextInt();
int arr[]=new int[n];
System.out.println("Enter bits in array: ");
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
arr[i]=sc.nextInt();
}
int arr1[]=new int[n/2];
int arr2[]=new int[n/2];
int div=n/2;
for(int i=0;i<div;i++)
{
arr1[i]=arr[i];
}
for(int i=0;i<div;i++)
{
arr2[i]=arr[i+div];
}
int arr3[]=new int[div];
for(int i=0;i<div;i++)
{
arr3[i]=arr1[i]^arr2[i];
}
System.out.println("Bits after addition are:");
for(int i=0;i<div;i++)
{
System.out.print(arr3[i]);
}
int arr4[]=new int[div];
for(int i=0;i<div;i++)
{
arr4[i]=arr3[i]^1;
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("The 1’s compliment:");
for(int i=0;i<div;i++)
{
System.out.print(arr4[i]);
}
int arr5[]=new int[div];
for(int i=0;i<div;i++)
{
arr5[i]=arr3[i]^arr4[i];
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println(" Addition:");
for(int i=0;i<div;i++)
{
System.out.print(arr5[i]);
}
for(int i=0;i<div;i++)
{
arr5[i]=arr5[i]^1;
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("The final output is:");
for(int i=0;i<div;i++)
{
System.out.print(arr5[i]);
}
}
}
OUTPUT
//CRC
import java.util.Scanner;
class crcm
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
int m,g[],n,d[],z[],r[],msb,i,j,k,c,flag=0;
System.out.print("Enter no. of data bits : ");
n=sc.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter no. of generator bits : ");
m=sc.nextInt();
d=new int[n+m];
g=new int[m];
System.out.print("Enter data bits : ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
d[i]=sc.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter generator bits : ");
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
g[j]=sc.nextInt();
for(i=0;i<m-1;i++)
d[n+i]=0;
r=new int[m+n];
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
r[i]=d[i];
z=new int[m];
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
z[i]=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
k=0;
msb=r[i];
for(j=i;j<m+i;j++)
{
if(msb==0)
r[j]=xor(r[j],z[k]);
else
r[j]=xor(r[j],g[k]);
k++;
}
r[m+i]=d[m+i];
}
System.out.println("select a choice:\n1>error detected..?\n2>view code data");
c=sc.nextInt();
switch(c)
{
case 1:for(int t=0;t<n+m-1;t++)
if(r[t]!=0)
flag=1;
if(flag==1)
System.out.print("yes\n\n");break;
case 2:for(i=0;i<n+m-1;i++)
{
System.out.print(d[i]);
}
break;
}
System.out.print("The code bits added are : ");
for(i=n;i<n+m-1;i++)
{
d[i]=r[i];
System.out.print(d[i]);
}
System.out.print("\nThe code data is : ");
for(i=0;i<n+m-1;i++)
{
System.out.print(d[i]);
}
}
public static int xor(int x,int y)
{
if(x==y)
return(0);
else
return(1);
}
}
Output
//for generation of hamming code
import java.util.*;
class h
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner read=new Scanner(System.in);
int ch;
System.out.println("Enter your choice");
System.out.println("1.Codeword generation");
System.out.println("2.Error detection and correction");
ch=read.nextInt();
switch(ch)
{
case 1:gen();
break;
case 2:corr();
break;
default:System.out.println("Invalid entry");
break;
}}
static void gen()
{ int i;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
int data[]=new int[7];
System.out.println("this works for message of 4bits in size \nenter message bit one by one: ");
data[0]=sc.nextInt();
data[1]=sc.nextInt();
data[2]=sc.nextInt();
data[4]=sc.nextInt();
data[6]=data[0]^data[2]^data[4];
data[5]=data[0]^data[1]^data[4];
data[3]=data[0]^data[1]^data[2];
System.out.println("\nthe encoded bits are given below: \n");
for (i=0;i<7;i++)
{System.out.println(data[i]);}
}
static void corr()
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
int c1,c2,c3,c,i;
int rec[]=new int[7];
System.out.println("\nenter the received data bits one by one: ");
for (i=0;i<7;i++)
{
rec[i]=sc.nextInt();
}
c1=rec[6]^rec[4]^rec[2]^rec[0];
c2=rec[5]^rec[4]^rec[1]^rec[0];
c3=rec[3]^rec[2]^rec[1]^rec[0];
c=c3*4+c2*2+c1;
if(c==0)
{ System.out.println("\n No error! ");}
else
{System.out.println("\nerror on the postion:"+c+" \nthe correct message is \n");
if(rec[7-c]==0)
rec[7-c]=1;
else
rec[7-c]=0;
for (i=0;i<7;i++)
{ System.out.println(rec[i]);
}}}}
Output