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Transcript 
Human blood –
Structure and Function
Biochemical and cellular aspects of blood.
Blood
• Structure
• Water with chemicals with
cells suspended in it.
• Functions
• Transport gases (O2, CO2),
nutrients, hormones, waste
• Distributes heat
• Maintains homeostasis
Blood –
Connective Tissue
• Connective tissue = cells + fluid matrix
• Blood = fluid matrix for movement
Blood Composition
Plasma = H2O + chemicals = 55%
Formed Elements = cells and platelets = 45%
Blood ComponentsFormed Elements
 Red blood cells = erythrocytes = cells, no nucleus when mature
 White blood cells = leukocytes = cells, with nucleus
 Platelets = thromobcytes = not cells, small chunks of cell
 ALL formed in bone marrow. Production stimulated by hormones
RBC, platelet, WBC
Red Blood Cells
• Formed in bone marrow
• No nucleus when mature
• Limited life span
• Transport O2 and CO2
• Hemoglobin = red colored
protein that O2 binds to
• Also called Erythrocytes
Red Blood Cell
White Blood Cell
platelets
• Not cells, cytoplasmic
fragments of a large cell
• Produce protein (fibrin)
when activated with
clotting factors
• Fibrin traps RBC’s to
produce a blood clot
Blood and the
immune response
 The immune response is carried out by white blood cells
(leukocytes) that leave the blood stream
 When leukocytes leave the blood stream they are ‘fighting’ as
part of an active immune response
Types of leukocytes
Types of leukocytes
Types of leukocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophil
video
Eosinophil
video
Basophil
What functions do these perform in the immune response?
Types of leukocytes
Agranulocytes
Lymphocyte
video
Monocyte
What functions do these perform in the immune response?
video
Types of leukocytes
Types of leukocytes
Differential
WBC Count
•
Detection of changes in numbers of circulating WBCs
•
Indicates infection, poisoning, leukemia, chemotherapy,
parasites or allergy reaction
Normal WBC counts
neutrophils 60-70% (up if bacterial infection)
lymphocyte 20-25% (up if viral infection)
monocytes 3 -- 8 % (up if fungal/viral infection)
eosinophil 2 -- 4 % (up if parasite or allergy reaction)
basophil <1% (up if allergy reaction or hypothyroid)
Pathological
conditions: RBC’s
Sickle Cell Anemia
Pathological
conditions: RBC’s
Anemia
Pathological
conditions: WBC’s
Pathological
conditions: WBC’s
Infectious Mononucleosis
Pathological
conditions: WBC’s
Eosinophilia
Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a
hematocytometer
Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a
hematocytometer
Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a
hematocytometer
The grid has specified dimensions so that the area covered by the
lines is known, which makes it possible to count the number of
cells in a specific volume of solution.
Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a
hematocytometer
Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a
hematocytometer
Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a
hematocytometer
Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a
hematocytometer
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