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Maximizing Energy Efficiency Prize Drawing!! Fill out your Prize Drawing card for a chance to win a Free MCP3911 ADC Eval Board Evaluate the performance of the MCP3911 dual-channel ADC Development platform for 16-bit PIC-based applications © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 2 Prize Drawing!! • Enter to win a unique experience to ride in Nuvation’s Electric Racecar! • Sign-up times available at Microchip’s Registration Booth © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 3 Agenda Low Power Trends and Design Challenges nanoWatt XLP eXtreme Low Power Maximizing Battery Runtime and Efficiency Reducing System Power Measuring & Monitoring Power Additional Resources & Summary © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 4 Low Power Trends and Design Challenges Demand Rising for Low Power Designs Fast growing battery applications demand longer life Government & Green Initiatives: 1-Watt, 1/2-Watt Energy harvesting designs now a reality Metering Consumer Medical © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Security Slide 6 Smart Energy Trends Green legislation and regulation Environmentally-friendly products Reducing load on utility providers Longer battery life Smaller form factors Reduced heat dissipation Lower system costs © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 7 Low Power Design Challenges Power Supply Choice – Battery, Energy Harvesting… Form Factor – Battery, Size, Weight Maintaining Performance and Features User Interface – LCD, Touch, LEDs, Buzzer Connectivity – Wireless (RF, 802.11…), Wired (USB…) Robustness and Reliability System Efficiency Cost © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 8 Typical Application Profile Long battery life required 20 years in some cases Must be robust & reliable Example - Must detect dying battery, provide warning Signals to alert resident and perform safe shutdown Must periodically perform specific tasks Sleep Brown Out Reset WDT Real Time Clock Example - Smoke Detectors sample air quality once every N seconds Low run current requirements © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Run Current Slide 9 Factors Affecting Power Consumption Energy Consumption = VDD x (Irunx trun+ Ipd x tpd + Iint x tint) Power Down Mode Oscilloscope Plot Sleep Current Sleep Time Real-Time Clock Watchdog Timer Brown Out Reset Pin Leakage IDD uA/MHz Intermediate Wake Up Time Run Mode IAVG Run Current Execution Time Power management modes IPD nA Power Down Time Run Time Wake Up Time © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 10 Lowering Active Current Enable Only Peripherals Used Use Optimal Active or Run Mode and Clock Speed Optimize Your Code Benchmark and optimize for speed, size and RAM Smart Circuit Design Floating I/Os, I/O states (Sleep), ceramic & storage caps… © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 11 Lowering Sleep Power Lower sleep current Lower Operating Voltage Stay in Sleep mode as long as possible Minimize peripherals used in Sleep Real-time Clock (RTC ) Watchdog Timer (WDT or DSWDT) Brown-out Reset (BOR) © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 12 nanoWatt XLP eXtreme Low Power Technology nanoWatt XLP Technology Definition nanoWatt XLP (eXtreme Low Power) Technology Microchip proprietary technology used to design microprocessors with power consumption below 1 µA in standby mode with an RTCC or WDT running. Design and manufacturing processes fined tuned for low power Specialized low power peripherals introduced Industry-leading Benchmark for Low Power MCUs World’s lowest Sleep and Run Currents Up to 5-7 times better than competing MCUs Best specifications achieved to date Sleep: 9 nA @1.8V Real-time Clock Calendar (RTCC): 450 nA @1.8V Watchdog Timer (WDT): 200 nA @2.0V © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 14 XLP Low Power Modes 7 operating modes, configured by software: RUN [active power] Core & Peripherals run at same clock speed DOZE [active power] Core slower, peripherals full speed IDLE [active power] Core OFF, peripherals ON SLEEP [static power] Core OFF, most peripherals OFF Low Voltage SLEEP [static power] Core OFF, most peripherals OFF DEEP SLEEP [static power] Core & most peripherals not powered VBAT [static power] Core & all peripherals power removed or battery dead © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 15 Choice of Power Down Modes Three Application Scenarios: 2 1 3 Sleep most of the time Wake-up every second to process data then go back to sleep Sleep most of the time Wake-up every few seconds to process data then go back to sleep Sleep most of the time Wake-up to process data once every hour, day etc. Very likely to use SLEEP Mode Very likely to use LV SLEEP Mode Very likely to use DEEP SLEEP mode with RTCC Current Consumption 3 Power Down Options Sleep Low Voltage (LV) Sleep Deep Sleep Run Sleep LV Deep Sleep Sleep © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 16 Best in class Snap Shot 32 kHz PIC® MCU with XLP Technology Pins Sleep (nA) Deep Sleep (nA) WDT (nA) SOSC/RTCC (nA) μA/MHz 2 8/14 20 - 300 600 34 64-128 28/44 200 9 330 700 197 PIC24F16KL402 4-16 14/20/28 30 - 210 690 150 PIC24FJ64GB004 32-64 28/44 200 20 200 500 250 PIC24FJ128GA310 64-128 64/100 330 10 270 400 150 PIC16F1823 PIC18LF47J13/J53 Flash (KB) •All numbers are typical values at minimum VDD, EC, taken from the datasheet. Datasheet not having 1MHz EC, numbers are (Typ Current/Max Freq) © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 17 Getting Started XLP 16-bit Development Board Battery Options Power Supply CR2032 or 2 x AAA Generous Prototyping Area USB, DC Serial Accessory Port Debugger Connection PICtail™ Connector 6-pin Harvester Connector Prototype - RF, IR, Analog mTouch™ Technology Buttons Part #: DM240311 © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 18 Maximizing Battery Runtime and Efficiency Consumer Replaceable Battery Comparison Battery Type Key Attributes Alkaline AA, AAA, AAAA • • • Inexpensive Widely available Low to High Drain Wide variety of portable devices Lithium Iron Disulfide AA, AAA • • • • • High Performance 15 Year Shelf Life Cold Temperature Safe and Reliable Lightweight World’s Longest Lasting AA/AAA in High Tech Devices Lithium Coin CR2025, CR2032 • • • • Small Lightweight Low drain, low peaks 7 – 10 year shelf life Application & Battery Selection Small, low energy devices © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 20 Alkaline Discharge Curve Alkaline AA size battery; 50 mW continuous © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 21 Alkaline Battery Capacity 3,500 mAh Capacity 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 Alkaline 500 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 mA Drain AA size batteries; continuous discharge to 1.0V © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 22 Alkaline Continuous vs. 10% Duty Cycle More capacity can be utilized in an alkaline battery in non-continuous applications compared to continuous discharge due to voltage recovery. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 23 Lithium FeS2 Discharge Curve Lithium Iron Disulfide Alkaline AA size battery; 50 mW continuous © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 24 Lithium FeS2 Low Rate Discharge •2Li + FeS2 Li2FeS2 Lithium Iron Disulfide •2Li + Li2FeS2 Fe + 2Li2S Alkaline AA size batteries; 1 mA continuous © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 25 LiFeS2 Battery Capacity 3,500 mAh Capacity 3,000 2,500 Lithium Iron Disulfide 2,000 1,500 1,000 Alkaline 500 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 mA Drain AA size batteries; continuous discharge to 1.0V © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 26 Lithium Coin Discharge Curve 1 x Alkaline AAAA w/Boost 2 x Alkaline AAAA in series CR2032 1 mA continuous; Boost = Microchip MCP1640 output to 3.3V © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 27 Lithium Coin Energy 2 x Alkaline AAAA in series 1 x Alkaline AAAA w/Boost CR2032 Continuous discharge; Boost = Microchip MCP1640 output to 3.3V © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 28 Battery Efficiency Example • • • 1 x AA Flashlight Minimum Operating Voltage = 0.9V Average Drains • • • 1000 mA (Bright) 250 mA (Dim) Pulse Width Modulation to control dimming © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 29 Battery Efficiency Example Discharging to 0.9 V removes nearly all available capacity in both alkaline and lithium batteries Higher operating voltage and flatter discharge curve of lithium batteries will improve runtime and light output. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 30 Battery Efficiency Example Approximate Max Capacity Alkaline = 2800 mAh Lithium = 3300 mAh Approximate Efficiency Bright Alkaline = 25% Lithium = 91% Dimming via PWM further increases efficiency; lowering overall drain by pulsing the battery as opposed to a continuous drain. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Dim Alkaline = 61% Lithium = 98% Slide 31 Battery Management Systems Nuvation Engineering Battery Management Systems Monitor and manage large battery packs Each cell must have it’s voltage monitored and balanced Substantially extends battery life by ensuring cells are not over charged nor over discharged With some Lithium chemistries, this is required to prevent fires! A single bad cell can disable an entire battery! Requires precision closed loop electronics Problem: Each Battery Application has own specific requirements Battery size Battery chemistry Communication interfaces Electronics form factor Redundancy Safety standards © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 33 Custom Engineered Battery Management Solutions Customized, flexible solution built around Microchip dsPIC33 processor Scalable designs (10’s to 1000’s of cells) Compatible with lithium, nickel, silver based and other battery chemistries Maximizes usable battery capacity through voltage & temperature monitoring and balancing Cost efficient distributed topology Software configurable to detect fault conditions early Low power consumption Performance validated © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 34 Challenge #1: Fast time to market dsPIC® DSC EVM Challenge: Fast time to market Customer and time constraints required developing software in parallel with Controller hardware Solution: dsPIC® DSC EVM allowed us to test Packman hardware in electric race car development test platform Cool flexible “backplane” approach to EVM development allowed us to make an “E-Rex Daughtercard” add-on modules to expedite development Ethernet expansion board CAN expansion board Custom prototyping board MPLAB® X enabled expedited dsPIC DSC development natively on Linux workstation © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 35 Challenge #2: Data Collection and Real-Time Processing Challenge #2: Real time processing of hundreds of cell voltages and temperatures Solution: dsPIC33 has large SRAM and DSP capabilities Enabled data collection and real-time processing of hundreds of cell voltages and temperatures in an application like E-Rex Still bandwidth left over to implement a digital filter to process stack current. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 36 Powering Your Application LCD PIC16LF1937 VDD : T VSS Any PIC® MCU Typical 2 x AAA Battery Circuit VSS What about using a Single Cell with a PIC® MCU? © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 38 VSS LCD PIC16LF1937 VDD : T VSS © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Any PIC® MCU Typical 2 x AAA Battery Circuit Slide 39 VSS SW GND VSS : T EN VSS VDD VIN VOUT VFB VSS VSS Any PIC® MCU PIC16LF1937 LCD MCP1624 Using a Single Cell with a PIC® MCU VSS © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 40 VSS VDD Stability Over Battery Life VBATT PIC Microcontroller MCU VDD Battery Voltage GND VSS EN VIN MCP1624 SW VOUT VFB VSS VSS VSS 2.0 - 5.5V 1.5V 0.8V VSS VSS time © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 41 Performance SW Stable 2.0V–5.5V output across full VBAT Output current up to 175 mA Cost GND EN MCP1624 Why Use the MCP1624? VIN VOUT VFB Approximately the price of an AA battery in volume Reduced shipping burden Small 6-pin footprint SOT-23 & 2 × 3 mm DFN Lightweight, Small form factor, portable © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 42 What about a Real-time Clock? X1 X2 VBAT +3V VSS : T VDD MFP SCL SDA VSS VSS Any PIC® MCU PIC16LF1937 Crystal 32.768 kHz MCP79410 LCD VDD (MCP1624 or 2 x Alkaline) MCP79410 New Real-time Clock & Calendar • Low Voltage and Current VDD = 1.8V to 5.5V , VBAT = 1.3V to VDD - 0.2V, IBAT = 700 nA @ 1.8V • 1 Kbit EPROM, 64 Bytes SRAM and 64 bit Unique ID • Small 8-pin footprint SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP and 2 × 3 mm TDFN © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 43 VSS Complementary Low Power Analog & Memory Industry Leading Low Power Analog •Power •Management •Signal •Chain •USER INTERFACE •External •Memory © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 45 Power Management Common components of battery-powered systems Switching power supplies Temperature sensors Linear regulators Supervisor chips Charge pumps Single Cell Booster •IQ = 45 mA, 100 nA Sleep •IDD = 6 mA •IQ = 1.6 mA •IDD = 1 mA •Sleep @ 100 nA •Shutdown @ 700 nA © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 46 Signal Chain Commonly used analog products in battery-powered systems Operational amplifiers (Op Amps) Comparators Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) Digital potentiometers •IQ = 600nA •IQ = 600nA •18-bits @ 39mA •12-bits @ 200mA •Sleep @ 300nA © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 47 Microchip Analog - Best-in-Class Use of NVM trim and low power in Analog products Provides high-performance innovative analog solutions Meets needs of high-volume applications Meets high quality requirements of the automotive industry Reduces customer and manufacturing system costs © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 48 Proprietary Low Power Enabling Technology 1 µA Bandgap References Low Power CMOS Process Enables low power references and voltage regulators Lower power than competing processes Simplified Designs Proprietary designs reduce circuit complexity giving more performance for less power The Low Power Analog Solution Non-volatile Trim Accuracy achieved through after- package trimming, not complex, power consuming circuitry Understanding of Customer Needs - Temperature Stable High Value Poly Resistors High resistance in small space needed for low power consumption, difficult to manufacture © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Only necessary features are included, unnecessary power consuming features are left out Slide 49 Industry-Leading Low Power Products Supervisors Op Amps/Comparators MCP604X, MCP614X, MCP654X - 600 nA quiescent current MCP111/2, MCP102/3, MCP121/131 - 1 µA quiescent current DACs ADCs MCP3421 Delta-Sigma - 145 µA supply current MCP3551 Delta-Sigma - 120 µA supply current MCP4728, 12-bit, 4-ch - 20 µA supply current per ch Charge Pumps Battery Chargers - 1 µA typical shutdown - Auto shutdown features Switching Regulators MCP1603 Buck regulator - 45 µA quiescent current MCP1640 Boost regulator - 19 µA quiescent current MCP1256/7/8/9 - 10 µA supply current LDOs Safety & Security RE46C107/117 Horn Drivers - 2-5V operating voltage Digital Potentiometers MCP434X/436X - NVM, quad channel - 7/8-bit resolution © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. MCP1700 - 1.6 µA quiescent current MCP1702 - 2 µA quiescent current Slide 50 Low-Power Memory Products Microchip’s low-power memory products 24VL024 1.5V, 2KB IDD = 400 mA 24AA256 1.7V, 256KB IDD = 400 mA © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 51 Measuring and Monitoring Power Power Monitoring is a Broad Market Computing AC/DC Supplies (PSU) Tablets & Laptops Consumer Electronics Energy Measurement in any product except utility metering Servers E-circuit Breakers Power Distribution Units (PDU) Consumer Power Strips Smart Outlets Appliances © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Industrial Meters Slide 53 What are the Concerns? •Accuracy (Accuracy vs. Cost) •Calibration It’s a necessary evil •Simplicity “I just want to connect power and read data out” •Expertise Customization & Support •Cost © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 54 Options by Accuracy 3% Error 3%-- 5% 5% Error MCU Only MCU with ADC 1%1% - 3% - 3% Error Error MCU + Op Amps MCU with ADC 0.1% 1% Error 0.1% - -1% Error MCU + Measurement IC Energy Measure AFE Calculation Engine Potential for Lowest Calibration Cost Potential for Lowest Chip Cost Lowest Solution Cost Determined by Specific Design Needs © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 55 Easy to Use - On-board DC Current Measurement V Energy Measure AFE I Fixed Calculation Engine Data Temp EMC1701/02/04 PAC1710/20 Single Chip Power Monitoring Solution Built-in calculations – No software work (“Black Box”) SMBus or I2C™ interface On-Chip & external thermal measurement (EMC170x) © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 56 Lowest Cost & Customizable Single Phase - Shunt Solution 1% Accurate @ 100 mA to 15A 1 point calibration ~150:1 Dynamic Range, 1% Accuracy MCP6L2 LPFs PIC24F04KA201 (4k Flash) PIC24F08KL200 (8k Flash) MCU UART/I2C™/SPI LPFs HPF Schematics, source code, GUI, presentation, and accuracy data available today © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 57 Best Accuracy & Customizable Single Phase - Shunt MCP3911 SPI PIC® MCU Serial I/F MCP3911 Measurement IC • 10 mA to 80A (8000:1) • Down to 0.2% Accuracy Capable of widest current range & best accuracy Fastest calibration Requires energy measurement software MCP3911 Eval Board (ADM00398) • Select processor module of choice • Connect shunt or CT © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 58 Additional Resources & Summary nanoWatt XLP Battery Life Estimator XLP Battery Life Estimator (Free Download) Easy to Use & Flexible Select PIC® MCU and battery type Enter application Run and Sleep times Select peripherals and application currents View battery life, average and maximum current estimates Add new device and battery profiles Save profiles and compare results © 2013 Energizer, Energizer and other marks are trademarks owned by Energizer. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 60 eXtreme Low Power Design Center Featuring… White Papers, Tips n’ Tricks Application Notes Case Studies Deep Sleep Web Seminar XLP Videos Product Data Sheets & Family Reference Manuals Competitive Benchmarks Development Tools XLP Product Selection Samples Purchasing www.microchip.com/XLP © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 61 Power Monitoring Design Center © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 62 Designing for Power Efficiency XLP Portfolio has World’s lowest power 9 nA Deep Sleep and <35 μA/MHz active currents Smart Low Voltage MCP1624 device Enables single cell operation Industry-leading Low Power integration LCD, Touch Sensing, USB & more Complete Development Support Energy Harvesting Development Tool Support Low Power Wireless, Analog and Memory products © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 63 This presentation was brought to you by Visit www.digikey.com/microchipdiscount for Design West 2013 Special Discounts Digi-Key Coupon also included in training bag © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 64 Questions? Thank You Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KeeLoq, KeeLoq logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2013, Microchip Technology Incorporated, All Rights Reserved. © 2013 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 67