Download Towards compact and lightweight Electrical Machines

Towards compact and lightweight Electrical Machines
Department of Superconducting Materials and Large Scale Nanoestructures
State Agency Spanish Highest Council of Scientific Research, CSIC
Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB‐CSIC X. Granados, T. Puig
,
g and X. Obradors
SUNJET UE‐Japan Symposium “Electrical T h l i f th
Technologies for the aviation of the future”
i ti
f th f t ”
March 26‐27 2015, Tokyo
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo
Where are we?
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo
Where are we?
SUMAN Group 20 researchers
7 permanent
7 permanent
Main activity: functional materials
Staff: 200 people
Staff:
200 people
About 50 permanents
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo
Applications and material development
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo
Applications and material development
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo
Applications development
Activities on HTS Engineering
International cofundedprojects in HTS Engineering
Flywheel (Brite Euram)
Motors Supermachines (TMR FP5)
Inductively coupled fault Limiters (ByFault, Brite Euram)
Cable HTS Super 3C (FP6)
Superconductivity in space propulsion (ESA)
Superconductivity in space propulsion (ESA)
Current limiter resistive ECCOFLOW (FP7)
High Performance Computation for HTS FORTISSIMO (FP7)
Assessment of HTS tapes for fusion (EFDA WS 2) Assessment of HTS tapes for fusion (WP MAG EUROFUSION)
Hybrid Energy storage (COST Action MP1004)
National funded Projects in HTS Engineering
National
funded Projects in HTS Engineering
Current Leads (Midas Project)
Superconducting motor(PETRI)
Superconducting motor(Feder)
Levitation system(Fundació laCaixa)
HTS Cable “Supercable” (Novare Endesa)
Superconducting Magnet for ALBA Synchrotron (Grandes Instalaciones)
Generator(CENIT AZIMUT 10 MW and beyond)
Generator(CENIT AZIMUT 10 MW and beyond)
Generator (Retos Colaboración, new Wind technologies)
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo
Electrical evolution in aircraft‐tech
T di it f l t i l MW h ld b h dl d
Two digits of electrical MW should be handled
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo
Why Superconductivity can help?
Macrosccopic
M
No resistance
N
it
Diamagnetism
Magnetic Flux trapping
Magnetic Flux trapping
Current Driven Transition
Electro‐technical
Applications
Microsccopic
M
Sensors (SQUID)
Electronic interactions. Vortex dynamics & other
Micro‐nanoscopic & quantic
effects
Superconducting
electronic Devices
Microwaves
ETC.
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo
Existing HTS Materials: Bulks & wires
Powder in tube
Bulk
MgB2
TAPES
Bi‐2223 Tape
1G
Bi‐2212
Bi‐2212 wire
Coated Conductors
(
(YBCO, 123)
)
Y‐123
Y‐123 cc‐Tape 2 G “Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo Magnetic performance
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo Superconducting Cables, losses: AC or DC
Power feeding
Terminations
Thruster
cable
Cryocooler
Weight
Cable: Cryostat and copper stabilizer, diminishes when temp diminish, lower for rigid !
Terminations : vessel and copper
Terminations : vessel and copper Cryocooler: Compressor and motors , Increases when temp diminish
Efficiency diminish when temp diminish
y
p
Temperature typically between 65 and 75 K
y
more efficient, reliable and compact
,
p
Cryocooler
Free piston Stirling
Single shaft reverse Brayton
Centralized cooling or Distributed cooling
EFFICIENCY and WEIGHT
Performance (COP‐1) 10‐20 W/W “Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo Cables: EU Projects
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo Cryocoolers: free piston stirling
CryoTel® Model
GT
Ambient
Operation
-40°C to 60°C
Orientation
Operates
p
in anyy
orientation
Nominal Cooler
Input Power
Power Supply
240 Watts
30g acceleration
200,000h MTBF
200
000h MTBF
No data about ageing
by vibration DC 48V
Performance
Nominal Lift at 77 K
(35°C reject)
No Load
Temperature (35°C
reject)
15 Watts
35K
Cooler Mass
3.1 kg
Op
Operating
g
Frequency
60 Hz
Temperature
Stability
+ 0.1K
Dimension
Diameter x Length
(nominal)
83 x 257 mm
Density
(kg/kWcold@77K)
207
Cryotel
Research should be done to obtain lighter and simpler
g
p
Single‐shaft Brayton could be a candidate “Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo Cryocoolers: single shaft turbo Brayton Cycle
MTBF 105,000 h
Maintenance : 10 years
Adapted from 25K to 150K
Cooling power from 5 kW to 23 kW
2.1x1.2x 8m
Air Liquide
q
Adequate for a centralized cooling system
Effort in order to diminish weight should be done
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo HTS Bulk low power motor concepts
Printed pole self levitated machine
Printed pole self levitated machine
Ceramic Coils
Synchronic motor with optimised flux penetration
Shaft‐less HTS Pumping Sh
ft l
HTS P
i
machine
400 W 40.000 min
400
W 40 000 min‐1
Axial autolevitated rotor (Petri)
3kW
TMR SUPERMACHINES
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo HTS motor Trapped flux concepts (Bulk) Full superconducting
Switched reluctance
Copper field winding
Copper field winding plus Fe‐HTS rotor
T. Coombs et al. Cambridge University
RR turbofan
NdFeB magnets plus HTS wires
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo New lighter options
Optimization of HTS material : bulk
Stacks of tapes
Max Power density=20kW/kg at 77K,
y
/ g
,
considering the active mass
Iron should be retired !!!
Lowering temperature power density increases
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo Superconducting motors: comments
Tendency to Synchronous motors (minimize hysteresis losses)
HTS rotor and copper windings in the stator…….. Iron should be removed……
HTS rotor and copper windings in the stator…….. Iron should be removed……
…….. Copper limits the power density ……. New ways for screening stray filed
Magnetic field is in the range of 2T …….. Higher field diminishes the weight , efficiency g
g
g
g ,
y
High switching frequency increases power density ………… increases losses
Higher magnetic field requires lower temperatures ………….. Inefficient and heavier
Full superconductor motors allow large compactness 50K working temp for efficient cooling systems and a general cryo‐bus for cabling
and propulsion 20kW/kg seems an objective achievable
p p
g
j
Driving electronics should take care with harmonics: losses in SC
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo Open questions
Cryogenics Higher power and efficient at temperatures in the range of 50K
Oil‐free compressors, lighter, reliable Single shaft Brayton? Centralized Cryo –bus? Di ib d
Distributed cryogenics with low power compact cryocoolers?
i
i hl
l ?
Cables DC with higher current density, aluminium cryostat , rigid I in the range of 200 kA, low voltage (50V), losses under 10 W/m
Screening of the magnetic field
Transposition of the strands Motors and generators
Full superconducting? Yes!!
Stacks of tapes for trapped field synchronous motors
Higher frequency & higher field (higher losses)
Materials Higher magnetic field at medium temperature 40‐50 K
Higher Jc
Stacks of tapes for trapped field synchronous motors
Higher frequency & higher field (higher power losses) !!!!!
Mechanical properties should be investigated !!!!!!
Materials are working in severe conditions
Mechanical and thermal should be improved
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo Materials improvement effort
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo Materials improvement effort
“Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo Forecasting
For sure we will see commercial electric aircrafts!!!!!
For sure we will see commercial electric aircrafts!!!!!
Thanks “Electrical Technologies for the aviation of the future”, X. Granados , T. Puig, X. Obradors, 26‐27/03/2015, Tokyo