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DAT General Chemistry Equation Sheet
Thermodynamics/Thermochemistry
Electrochemical Cells
1 Law of Thermodynamics: π›₯𝐸 = π‘ž + 𝑀
Work: 𝑀 = βˆ’π‘ƒπ›₯𝑉
Standard Cell Potentials
Ι›° = Ι›°π‘Ÿπ‘’𝑑 + Ι›°π‘œπ‘₯
Ι›° = Ι›°π‘π‘Žπ‘‘β„Žπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’ + Ι›°π‘Žπ‘›π‘œπ‘‘𝑒
Calorimetry: π‘ž = 𝐢π›₯𝑇
Nernst Equation (non-standard cell potentials)
st
π‘ž = π‘šπ‘π›₯𝑇
𝐢 = β„Žπ‘’π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘π‘Žπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦
𝑐 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 β„Žπ‘’π‘Žπ‘‘
q = heat added or removed from system
m = mass
Entropy
π›₯𝑆 = π›΄π‘›π‘†π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘  βˆ’ π›΄π‘›π‘†π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘ 
π‘†π‘”π‘Žπ‘  > π‘†π‘™π‘–π‘žπ‘’π‘–π‘‘ > π‘†π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘‘
π‘†π‘Žπ‘ž > π‘†π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘‘
Enthalpy
(π›₯𝐻 > 0) – Endothermic
(π›₯𝐻 < 0) – Exothermic
𝐸 = 𝐸° βˆ’
0.0592
𝑛
log 𝑄
Faraday’s Law (quantitative calculations)
𝐼 βˆ— 𝑑𝑠 βˆ— π‘€π‘Šπ‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘‘
= π‘šπ‘Žπ‘ π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘‘
π‘›βˆ—πΉ
𝐼 βˆ— 𝑑𝑠
= π‘šπ‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘‘
π‘›βˆ—πΉ
I = current, 𝒕𝒔 = time in seconds, n = moles, F = Faraday’s
constant (96485 π‘π‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘œπ‘šπ‘π‘ β„π‘šπ‘œπ‘™), Q = reaction quotient
Enthalpies of Formation:
π›₯𝐻 = 𝛴𝑛π›₯𝐻°π‘“,π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘  βˆ’ 𝛴𝑛π›₯𝐻°π‘“,π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘ 
Bond Dissociation Energy
π›₯𝐻 = π›΄π·π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘  βˆ’ π›΄π·π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘  = π›΄π·π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘˜π‘’π‘› βˆ’ π›΄π·π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘’π‘‘
Gibbs Free Energy
π›₯𝐺 = π›₯𝐺° + 𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛𝑄 (nonstandard conditions, Q = reaction
quotient)
π›₯𝐺° = βˆ’π‘…π‘‡π‘™π‘›πΎπ‘’π‘ž
π›₯𝐺° = π›₯𝐻° βˆ’ 𝑇π›₯𝑆°
Standard Conditions
All aqueous species @ 1M, all gaseous species @1 atm, T=298k
Standard Temperature and Pressure
T = 273K, P = 1 atm
www.datbootcamp.com
Nuclear Reactions
Kinetics (always 1st order)
𝑁 = 𝑁0 𝑒 βˆ’π‘˜π‘‘
ln 𝑁 = ln 𝑁0 βˆ’ π‘˜π‘‘
Nuclear Binding Energy:
𝐸 = π›₯π‘šπ‘ 2
(π›₯π‘š must be in kg)
k = reaction constant
m = mass
c = speed of light
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