Download Unit Two Supporting Non-Curable Infections and

PART 1
(Classes 1-5)
 What is an infection? What is a disease?
 Definition of non-curable
 Examples: notes on various NCIDs
 Holistic health charts
 Take-Home Assignment (20 marks)
 Class Discussions
 Representation of Learning (50 marks)
 I can show I understand the impact of in/formal
supports for those affected with or affected by noncurable infections and diseases.
 Infection: an organism inside of someone which
gets its nourishment from that person, it colonizes
that person and reproduces inside them. The
human with that organism (germ) inside is called
the host.
 Parasites
 Fungi
 Bacteria
It is only considered to be an infection if the organism is
causing harm to the host.
 Disease: is any disturbance or anomaly in the
normal functioning of the body that probably has
a specific cause and identifiable symptoms.
 A widespread disease is called an epidemic, and a
disease which is global is called a pandemic.
 Infectious Disease: a disease as the result of an
infection.
 Non-curable or Incurable: describing something for
which there is no cure. This does not mean that the
illness or disease is not treatable.
 Example: HIV/AIDS can be treated but not cured.
 Chronic: Persists for a long time, or constantly
recurring.
 Acute: of a short duration but typically severe
 Bloodborne pathogen: can be spread by
contamination of blood
 Immune System: a system that protects the body
from foreign substances and pathogens by producing
the immune response.
WE WILL BE FOCUSING ON...
 Hepatitis C
 HIV
 Diabetes
 Schizophrenia
 FASD
 Bipolar Disorder I & II
 Clinical Depression
 OCD
 Dissociative Identity Disorder
 Ebola
Hepatitis C is only contracted through unprotected sex.
1.

FICTION
Someone with Hepatitis C may eventually need a liver
transplant.
2.

FACT
You shouldn’t hug someone with Hepatitis C because you
might get it
3.

FICTION
Some people’s bodies naturally get rid of Hepatitis C
before it becomes more serious
4.

FACT
 A live disease caused by the Hepatitis C virus, which
attacks the liver.
 Many people infected never feel sick and completely
recover.
 If the body is not able to fight off the virus, one may
develop chronic hepatitis which can lead to cirrhosis
(liver scarring), liver failure and even liver cancer later
in life.
 It is considered a “silent” disease because often no
symptoms appear until your liver is severely damaged.
 Hepatitis C travels through the blood, and is
contracted when blood infected with the Hepatitis C
virus gets into the blood stream.
 Exposure is risked by using injection drugs, getting
tattoos, piercings, pedicures, manicures or medical
procedures with improperly sterilized equipment,
sharing personal hygiene items with an infected
person (razors, toothbrushes, nail clippers), or having
had a blood transfusion prior to July 1990.
 Symptoms often do not appear until the liver is
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severely damaged.
Many people never feel sick and completely recover.
Others get a brief, acute illness with fatigue, loss of
appetite, and skin and eyes turning yellow (jaundice)
If the body is not able to fight the virus, chronic
hepatitis is developed, which can lead to cirrhosis,
liver failure and liver cancer later in life.
Once you have developed Hepatitis C and your body
cannot fight it off, you will always have the virus in
your body.
 Regular exercise and healthy eating is the best way to
manage the chronic fatigue that is associated with
Hepatitis C.
 For some patients, drug treatment may be appropriate.
This consists of a combination of injections once a
week (administered by a physician) and pills taken
daily.
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus
 HIV weakens the immune system, leaving the body
unable to fight off certain infections.
 When a person has HIV and becomes sick from one or
more of these infections, they have AIDS.
 AIDS stands for Acquired ImmunoDeficiency
Syndrome
 Although there is no cure for HIV, with proper care
and treatment most people with HIV can avoid getting
AIDS and stay healthy for a long time.
 HIV can only be contracted by the virus entering the
bloodstream.
 The virus can be transmitted through blood, vaginal
fluids, semen, and breast milk.
 A person can get HIV by having unprotected sex, by
sharing needles or other drug use equipment, razors or
toothbrushes that have blood on them. Females can
pass the virus to babies while breastfeeding.
 HIV CANNOT BE PASSED through casual contact
such as hugging, kissing, shaking hands, sharing food
or toilet seats.
 A person can have HIV and not know it because there
may be no symptoms for many years.
 A mild flu may be developed 2-4 weeks after becoming
infected.
 HIV prevents the body from fighting off otherwise
harmless infections, like the flu and can develop into
AIDS.
 Eventually, an infected person can become sick with
life threatening infections.
 Anti-HIV drugs must be taken every day to keep it
under control.
 Today there are 31 antiretroviral drugs approved to
treat HIV.
 These drugs suppress the virus, even to undetectable
levels, but do not completely eliminate HIV from the
body.
 Individuals who are medicated for HIV can still
transmit the virus to others, and must continuously
take these drugs in order to maintain their health
quality.
 Diabetes describes a group of metabolic diseases in which a
person has high blood sugar
 Either because insulin production is inadequate
 And/or because the body’s cells do not respond properly to
insulin
 There are three types of Diabetes:
 Type 1 Diabetes: the body does not produce insulin. Usually
developed in early adulthood or teenage years
 Type 2 Diabetes: the body does not produce enough insulin
for proper function. 90% of all diabetes cases are type 2.
 Gestational Diabetes: Affects females during pregnancy.
High levels of glucose in the blood, and the body is unable to
produce enough insulin to transport it all.
 Diabetes is genetic.
 People most at risk include someone of Aboriginal,
Hispanic, Asian, South Asian or African descent, and
individuals who are overweight (will most of the weight
carried around the middle)
 Other people at high risk include those who have:
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A parent, brother or sister with diabetes
Health complications associated with diabetes
Given birth to a baby over 9 pounds
Had gestational diabetes
High blood pressure
High cholesterol or other fats in the blood
 Unusual thirst
 Frequent urination
 Weight change (gain or loss)
 Extreme fatigue or lack of energy
 Blurred vision
 Frequent or recurring infections
 Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal
 Tingling/numbness in hands or feet
 Lifestyle changes (healthy meal plan, weight control,
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physical activity) can help prevent or delay the onset of
type 2 diabetes.
Physical activity
Nutrition
Weight management
Medication
 Type 1 is always treated with insulin
 Type 2 may require medications/insulin along with healthy
lifestyle changes
 Stress reduction
 Blood pressure
 Cancer is a disease cause by an uncontrolled division of
abnormal cells in a part of a body, leading to a malignant
growth or tumor.
 Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through
blood and lymph systems.
 There are more than 100 types of cancer.
 Main categories:
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Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma and myeloma
Central nervous system cancers
 All cancers begin in cells.
 The genetic material (DNA) of a cell can become
damaged, producing mutations that affect normal cell
growth and division.
 Cells do not die when they should, and new cells form
when the body does not need them. These extra cells
can form a mass of tissue called a tumor
 There are so many different types of cancer and many
symptoms that go with them.
 The first sign that a malignant tumor has spread is
often swelling of nearby lymph nodes, but can
metastasize to almost any part of the body.
 It is important to know one’s family history and
understand the signs to look for to ensure that cancer
is found in it’s earliest stages
 http://cancergameplan.ca/blog/2012/07/idhatetobefra
nk/
 There are different ways to manage the many types of
cancer, but no cure.
 Radiation: use of high-energy radiation to kill dancer cells by
damaging their DNA. Must be carefully plan as radiation can
damage healthy cells as well.
 Chemotherapy: drugs which are put into the body to kill
cells that divide rapidly.
 Removal: surgery to go in and take out infected cells when
possible.
 The most important part of effective management is
knowing your body and paying attention to any warning
signs.
 Check for differences in the body and keep track of changes
carefully.
 A chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how
a person thinks, feels, and behaves (www.nimh.gov)
 Symptoms include but are not limited to:
hallucinations, delusions, reduced speaking, difficulty
beginning and sustaining activities, memory
problems.
 Use of street drugs has been linked to increased
probability of developing psychosis.
 FASD stands for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. It is
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an umbrella term that describes the range of affects
that can happen in a fetus exposed to alcohol.
(canfasd.ca)
Effects can include physical, mental, behavioural
difficulties and learning disabilities.
Depending on the amount of alcohol consumed there
can also be physical affects.
FASD is 100& PREVENTABLE.
Adults with FASD are more likely to experience anxiety
and depression.
 A brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood,
energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out dayto-day tasks (www.nimh.nih.gov)
 Bipolar I: Manic episodes that last at least 7 days or
symptoms that lead to hospitalization. Depressive
episodes that usually last 2 weeks.
 Bipolar II: Pattern of depressive episodes and
hypomanic (not full-blown manic episodes like in
Bipolar I)
 People suffering from depression will experience
symptoms for most of the day, every day for at least 2
weeks before being diagnosed with depression.
 Feeling “empty”
 Irritability
 Feelings of guilt
 Decreased energy
 Speaking slowly
 Difficulty with memory
 Thoughts of death or suicide
 Aches, pains, headaches, gramps or digestive problems
 OCD is a mental illness that causes consistent
unwanted thoughts.
 To get rid of the thoughts, the person with OCD
repeats the same tasks over and over.
 Ex) you may fear that everything you touch has germs
on it, so you constantly wash your hands over and over.
 This could also include counting, tapping, repeating
useless words or doing other senseless things to reduce
anxiety (www.helpguide.org)
 A severe mental condition
 Two or more distinct identities are present in an
individual and take control of that individual.
 This can lead to memory loss between personalities.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXuG2zI39yA
 Complete the following chart about how non-curable
infections and diseases affect the individual, family,
and community of the individual when there are no
supports available.
Individual
Physical
Mental
Spiritual
Emotional
Family
Community
Explore the recommended follow-up procedures and
supports for those who test positive for HIV /15
2. Talk about how HIV testing is a support service. /5
1.
Roughly ½ page per question.
 How can formal/informal supports affect individuals
dealing with NCIDs?
 Families of individuals dealing with NCIDs?
 Communities of individuals dealing with NCIDs?
 Be able to:
 Describe a non-incurable infection/disease in greater
detail, including causes, symptoms and treatments.
(15 marks)
 Describe clearly how this infection/disease can affect the
afflicted individual in everyday life: emotionally,
physical, mentally, spiritually (8 marks)
 Show how this infection/disease affects families and
communities in each of the 4 aspects of health (8
marks)
 Provide logical next steps and places to seek support
after receiving a diagnosis (4 marks)