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Download The Other “–icides”
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The other “–icides” Rodenticides Molluscicides Predacides Avicides Animal Repellants Fungicides Piscicides Rodenticides Coumarin (Warfarin and Ratoxin) Primary target rats and mice Anticoagulant Require repeated feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect cats, dogs and people – care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained medium so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable Rodenticides Brodifacoum (Talon & d-con) Primary target rats and mice Anticoagulant Requires only a single feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect cats, dogs and people – care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained medium so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable Rodenticides Chlorophacinone (Rozol) Not targeted specifically for rats & mice Anticoagulant Requires only a single feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect cats, dogs and people – care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained medium so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable Rodenticide, Predacide, & Avicide Strychnine (natural alkaloid extracted from Strychnos nux vomica) Used in FS western regions to control plague vectors Requires only a single feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect many non-target species – care must be taken to preclude exposure of nontarget species Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained medium so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable RESTRICTED-USE – may be legally applied only by certified professionals Molluscicides & Avicide None currently in use in forestry. Slug control (molluscicide) or bird control Methiocarb (Mesurol) Has some insecticidal capacity also Slow degrade Animal Repellants Thiram Effective rodent repellant Only one known to have been used by the FS in the southeast Use rare – generally associated with rabbit dispersal in regeneration areas Animal Repellants Complex polysaccharide mix (RoPel) Effective against birds, rodents and mammals Low impact on target species Low negative impacts on nontargets Relatively rapid and complete degrade Animal Repellants Putrescent egg solids (BGR [Big Game Repellant]) Effective at preventing grazing by deer and elk Bloodmeal (Plantskyyd) Deer, rabbit and elk are specifically noted – regeneration, primary used as a protectant of the seedlings Bloodmeal and putrescent egg solids are on the EPA list of minimum risk pesticides Animal Repellants Capsacian (various Hot Sauce…; Active ingredient derived from tobasco peppers) Effective against many large mammals Fungicide and Rodent Repellant Thiram Used primarily in nurseries to prevent needle diseases and also to dissuade rodent feeding on seedlings Fungicides Borax (Sporax) Primary use is to prevent colonization of pine stumps by Heterobasidion annosum, cause of annosus root disease Little activity against non-targets other than other fungi Barrier or preventive only, not therapeutic if infection already exists Fungicides Captan and Ferbam Used primarily in nurseries to prevent damping-off of seedlings (root and root collar fungal attack) Sometimes ferbam is used overthe-top on seedlings as a preventive treatment against fusiform rust infection Fungicides Triadimefon (Bayleton) Used in nurseries to prevent needle blights Primary use in the Southeast has been to prevent fusiform rust infection of pine seedlings Also used as an additive in root dip slurries to confer anti-rust protection to pine seedlings being outplanted Fungicides Propaconizole (Alamo) Primarily used as a therapeutant for trees affected by oak wilt Application is by injectioin which can cause damage to the tree About a 75% effectiveness on treated trees, but only effective against current infection, no prevention/protectant benefit Fungicides Phlebia gigantea Fungus effective in reducing the future effect of annosus root rot in stands infected by Heterobasidion annosum prior to harvest NOT REGISTERED Previously used under permissive 1970’s letter from the EPA as an augmentive treatment (Pg is common in the woods) Letter revoked in late 1990s and only low probability of registration Fungicides Copper sulfate (Bordeaux Mixture & others) Oldest of the fungicides, this classic is effective against many mildews and other needle blights Use in nurseries has been relatively minor Fungicides Benomyl (Benlate) Used in nurseries as a seedling protectant Last of the forestry registrations for this product were cancelled in 2001 May use existing stocks, but no new product will become available Piscicide Rotenone Previously discussed See… Rotenone in the aquatic pesticide section
