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Name:_____________________________________________ Class #:________ Presentation 5: HIV and AIDS Supershort Assignment #3: With a partner discuss 3 reasons why you think the number of HIV cases in teenagers is rising. What are some ways to reduce this trend? HIV AROUND THE WORLD AIDS is a ______________________, a disease that spreads quickly through human populations all over the world. The origin is _________ One theory is that someone in rural Cameroon was bitten by a chimp or was cut while butchering one and became infected with the ape virus. It mutated and was eventually passed to someone else. AIDS was first discovered in the USA in the early ____________ Since 1981, more than 980,000 cases of AIDS have been reported in the US to the CDC. According to the CDC, more than __________________ Americans may be infected with HIV, ¼ of whom are unaware of their infection. Teens and HIV/AIDS The rate of 13-24 year olds living with HIV/AIDS has increased from 11, 500 to almost 14,000 between 2000-2003. Teens at Risk Each year, about 40,000 new cases of HIV infection occur in the U.S.; half occur in people under the ________________. AIDS cases among people between the ages of 13 and 19 totaled 4,219. (June 2001) HIV is the 7th leading cause of death in the U.S. among ages 5-14 and 6th for ages 15-24. HIV can ______________________________ who engages in high-risk behavior, regardless of sexual orientation, gender, or age. What are HIV and AIDS? HIV and AIDS are DIFFERENT! _________________________________________________ (HIV) is the virus that primarily infects cells of the immune system and that causes AIDS. ____________________________________________________________ (AIDS) is the disease that is caused by HIV infection, which weakens the immune system. ______________________ a disease that spread quickly through human population all over the world. How HIV infects the body Have you ever been near someone with a contagious infection, such as a cold, but you didn’t get sick? One reason why is that your ____________________________ was strong enough to fight the infection. Now imagine that your immune system didn’t work…this is what happens after HIV infects the body. The Process of HIV _______________________________ are the white blood cells that activate the immune response and that are the primary target cells of HIV infection. HIV uses helper T cells to make _______________ of itself, killing the helper T cells in the process. As helper T cell counts drop, the body loses its ability to fight off other infections and certain cancers. An ___________________________________ (OI) is an illness due to an organism that causes disease in people with weakened immune systems. Phases of HIV and AIDS Phase I of HIV infection is the ______________________________ stage, which means the infection is present but there are few or no symptoms. This phase can last 10 years or more. Phase II , the ____________________________ stage is marked by the beginning or worsening of symptoms as the immune system fails. Phase III marks the beginning of AIDS. The helper T cell count is ________________ and AIDS-defining conditions develop, such as opportunistic infections. *AIDS is FATAL and many people die from infections the immune system cannot fight, not AIDS itself. Contracting “getting” AIDS Being infected with HIV doesn’t mean the person has AIDS. It usually takes _____________________ for a person who is infected with HIV to develop AIDS is the person has not received treatment. People with AIDS ________________________________________________ that a healthy person’s immune system could easily defeat. AIDS patients suffer from and often die from these illnesses. How HIV is Spread 1. During sexual contact, which includes ___________________________________________, with an infected person 2. Through sharing needles or other intravenous injection equipment with an infected person 3. Through ______________ with blood, such as an open sore/cut to an infected person’s blood. 4. From an infected mother to her infant before or during the birth process or by breast-feeding. The REALITY of AIDS There is still _______________ for AIDS. Once the virus infects a person’s body, there is no way to _________________ the virus. Most people with HIV infection eventually develop AIDS. Learning about HIV and AIDS and protecting yourself from being infected is ____________ ____________________________! Behaviors that are SAFE Donating Blood and Blood Transfusions Previously receiving blood transfusion from an infected person used to be a common way to get an HIV infection. Since _________ all the blood collecting in the U.S. has been tested for the presence of HIV and other diseases. Tainted blood is ______________________. With new technology and screening this problem has practically been eliminated. Donating blood is safe when done at a blood bank or any established blood collection center. This is by using _______________________________, new needles for each donor. Preventing HIV/AIDS: Eliminate the Risks! 1. Practice abstinence. 2. Avoid drugs. Don’t share contaminated needles or have sex with drug abusers. 3. Avoid contact with blood and body fluids. Don’t share _______________________ (razors, syringes, piercing/tattoo needles). 4. Have sexual ________________. Both partners agree to only have sex with one another. If one partner has engaged in risky behaviors, he/she should be tested for HIV and STDs. Universal Precautions Universal precautions are a set of procedures used to avoid contact with ______________ ___________________ and reduce the risk of spreading HIV and other diseases. Some examples: Wear latex or vinyl ________________ before coming into contact with another person’s blood or body fluids. Handle and dispose of all bodily fluids or tissues in a safe manner. Use __________________________ supplies or equipment when practical (some equipment might go through a sterilization process). Testing for HIV The only way a person can know for certain whether or not he or she is infected with HIV is to have a _________________________ by trained medical professional. These tests are performed at a hospital, health clinic, or a local health department. Laws protect the _______________________________ of test results. A person who is diagnosed as being infected with HIV is said to be HIV-positive. Testing for HIV: HIV has 3 testing stages to ensure accurate results. • Stage 1: an HIV test screens a person’s blood for HIV ___________________. • Stage 2: Since HIV antibodies can take up to ______________ to appear, a second test is done 3 months later to verify the results. • After the second test, if HIV antibodies are not detected (negative) the person does not require further testing at this time. • If HIV antibodies are detected in the second test (positive), then a third test is done to confirm the results. • Stage 3: if the 2nd and 3rd test are both positive. A different method is used for the 4th test. A person must test positive in tests 2, 3, and 4 to be diagnosed as ________________. Treating HIV and AIDS ______________ exists for HIV and AIDS. Treatment can help an infected person survive longer. ___________________________________________________ is an AIDS treatment program in which patients take more than one drug. Drugs for treating HIV can have severe side effects, can lose their effectiveness over time, are expensive, and require diligence and commitment. HIV/STD HOTLINE: 800-678-1595