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Science and Technology Journal of BGNs, VOL.14, No1, JUNE 2010 Title: BNCT AND TARGETED RADIOTHERAPY (TRT) DEVELOPMENTS IN ROMANIA Authors: Ioana Patrascu, Iuliana Gruia, Rodica Anghel, Valeria Lungu, Florin Constantin, Viorel Fugaru, Dana Niculae, Ioan Ursu, Tiberiu Esanu.. Abstract: There are a number of treatment modalities for cancer including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, these treatments are not always effective. The search for new and more efficient ways to combat cancer has opened new perspectives. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a new approach in cancer treatment that has been proposed to combat glioblastomas of the brain, neck cancer and malignant melanomas, tumors that are resistant to traditional cancer therapies. BNCT is based on the 10B(n,α)7Li nuclear reaction, which can potentially deliver a very high and fatal radiation dose to cancerous cells by concentrating boron in them. It is a promising, though complicated treatment. This type of therapy offers a number of potentially significant advantages compared to traditional radiation therapy. Treatment is better targeted to cancerous cells so that when a tumour is irradiated with neutrons, the damage to normal tissue is respectively less. It is also less demanding for the patient as treatment is only one to two sessions, compared to conventional radiation therapy where patients can be treated up to 30 times. It provides an excellent example of the importance of innovation in the search for a cure to cancer. The recent developments in BNCT in Romania as well as the major drawbacks will be presented. References [1] P. J. Miettinen, J. E. Berger, J. Meneses, et al., Epithelial immaturity and multiorgan failure in mice lacking epidermal growth factor receptor, Nature, 1995, 376, 337-341. [2] Hens M, Vaidyanathan G, Welsh P, Zalutsky MR, Nucl Med Biol, 2009, 36, 17-28. [3] J. H. Doroshow, New England Journal of Medicine, 2005, 353, 200-202. [4] J. Baselga, Oncology Biotherapeutics, 2002, 2, 2-25. [5] L. Sundberg, L. Orlova, A. Orlova, E. Blomquist, J. Carlsson V. Tolmachev, Cancer Biotherapy & Radio- pharmaceuticals 2004, 19, 195-204. [6] P. Winnard Jr, E.Virzi, M. Fogarasi, M Ruscowski, D. J. Hnatowich, Q. J. Nucl. Med. 1996, 40, 151-60 [7] G. F. Flores, G. P. Gonzalez, M. A. Gonzalez-Zuvala, Nucl.Med.Biol.,1999, 26, 57. [8] N. Iznaga-Escobar, Nucl. Med. Biol., 1998, 25, 5, 441. [9] R. M. Sharkey et al, Cancer J. for Clinicians, 2006, 56, 226. [10] J. Ross, K. Gray, I. Webb, G. Gray, M. Rolfe, D. Schenkein, D. Nanus, M. Millowsky, N. Bander, Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2005, 24, 4, 521. [11] C. F. Chiojdeanu, C. Pavel, F. Constantin, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Setuo for a Linear Accelerator, Rom. Journ. Phys., Vol. 54, Nos. 7–8, P. 641–648, Bucharest, 2009